ARCHIVÉ Glossaire des revendications territoriales - Glossaire anglais-inuktitut-français

Collège de l'Arctique, Campus Nunatta, Iqaluit (Nunavut)

Index alphabétique – Glossaire des revendications territoriales

Menu de navigation pour se rendre aux divers termes du glossaire classés par ordre alphabétique.

Lexique – lettre A Lexique – lettre B Lexique – lettre C Lexique – lettre D Lexique – lettre E Lexique – lettre F Lexique – lettre G Lexique – lettre H Lexique – lettre I Lexique – lettre J Lexique – lettre L Lexique – lettre M Lexique – lettre N Lexique – lettre O Lexique – lettre P Lexique – lettre Q Lexique – lettre R Lexique – lettre S Lexique – lettre T Lexique – lettre U Lexique – lettre V Lexique – lettre W

A

Aboriginal Rights: ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᑦ: nunaqaqqaaqsimajut pijunnautingit: Droits des autochtones

Those rights of aboriginal peoples which are not found in treaties or land claims agreements. Aboriginal rights are the basis for most land claims.

Aboriginal Title: ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖃᕐᓂᕋᕈᑎᖓᑦ: nunaqaqqaaqsimajut nangminiqarnirarutingat (nuna): Titres des autochtones

The form of land ownership belonging to aboriginal people and the rights coming from the aboriginal relationship with land. The government asks people to extinguish aboriginal title when signing a claims agreement. The Indians claimed a right to stop the logging, based on their aboriginal title to the forests.

Abrogate: ᐲᖅᓯᓂᖅ: piiqsiniq: Abroger

To remove, reduce or wear away. Abrogate: to end or remove; derogate: to reduce bit by bit. [Canadian Constitution] The Territorial government cannot abrogate or derogate the right to custom adoption.

Access: ᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᓕᒃ: atuinnalik: Accès

Ability to get to a piece of land, to a body of water or to a place on the land or water. We have no water access from our street.

Access Across: ᐃᑳᕈᓐᓇᕐᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ: ikaarunnartitauniq: Passage

Ability to use a piece of land or water in order to reach another place. The mining company wanted access across the caribou calving grounds in order to reach their mine site.

Act, Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention: ᒪᓕᒐᖅ, ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᐃᒪᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓱᕈᐃᓗᐊᕐᑕᐃᓕᒪᑎᑦᓯᓂᕐᒧᑦ: maligaq, ukiuqtaqtumi imanginnik suruiluartailimatitsinirmut: Loi sur la prévention de la pollution des eaux de l'Arctique

Federal law controlling use of ocean waters in the Arctic. This Act is used by the Federal government to maintain its international claim to control all the ocean waters in the Arctic. The Company was charged with dumping waste in the ocean, contrary to the Act.

Act, Canada: ᒪᓕᒐᖅ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ: maligaq, kanatami: Loi sur le Canada

A series of Imperial and Federal Acts which have created the Constitution of Canada over the years since 1867. Originally called the BNA (British North America) Act, the Statute of Westminister, or other names. In 1982 all these Acts were re-named the Canada Act to show they are all part of the Constitution. There are still some parts of the Constitution which are not written down, but come from the tradition of Parliamentary democracy. The Canada Act contains the Charter of Rights and many other parts of the Canadian Constitution.

Act, Financial Administration (Canada): ᒪᓕᒐᖅ, ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᕆᔾᔪᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔩᑦ (ᑲᓇᑕᒥ): kiinaujalirijjutinik aulatsijiit (kanatami): Loi sur l'administration des finances du Canada

Federal law controlling how that government spends and uses money, issues cheques and documents expenses. The forms were approved for expense accounts under the Act.

Act, Financial Administration (NWT): ᒪᓕᒐᖅ, ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᕆᔾᔪᑎᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔩᑦ (ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕐᒥ): maligaq, kiinaujalirijjutinik aulatsijiit (nunatsiarmi): Loi sur l'administration des finances des TNO

NWT law controlling how that government spends and uses money, issues cheques and documents expenses. The Act allows 20 days to pay a Northern supplier.

Act, Imperial: ᒪᓕᒐᖅ, ᐃᓐᖓᓚᒥᒃ (ᑯᐃᓐ ᓄᓇᖓᓐᓂᒃ): maligaq, inngalamik (kuin nunangannik): Loi impériale

Any law passed by the mother Parliament at Westminister in England. These acts are still in force in Canada today. The first provinces were created by Imperial Act.

Act, Indian: ᒪᓕᒐᖅ, ᐊᓪᓚᓄᑦ: maligaq, allanut: Loi sur les Indiens

Federal law setting out rules for status Indian peoples, especially on reserves. The Act includes rules for local government, land ownership, elections of Chiefs and band councils and who has Indian status. The chief and band council passed a by-law based on the Indian Act.

Act, Migratory Birds Convention: ᒪᓕᒐᖅ, ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑕᐅᓯᒪᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ: maligaq, tingmiat utiqtapattut angiqatigiigutausimaninginnut: Entente sur les oiseaux migrateurs

Federal law controlling spring bird hunting, part of a treaty between Canada and the United States. The Wildlife Officer will charge the American hunters under the Act.

Act, National Parks: ᒪᓕᒐᖅ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᖕᓄᑦ: maligaq, kanatami mirnguisirvingnut: Loi sur les parcs nationaux

Federal law creating and controlling the operation of National Parks. He was appointed Head Warden for Ayuittuq Park under the Act.

Act, Natural Resources Transfer: ᒪᓕᒐᖅ, ᓄᓇᒥᐅᑕᐃᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᑦᓴᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ: maligaq, nunamiutait atuqtutsat aullaaqtitauninginnut: Loi sur le transfert des richesses naturelles

Federal law which is part of the constitution of western Canadian provinces. Originally these provinces did not control the Crown Lands inside the province. This Act transferred ownership of Crown Lands to provinces, with a promise that the federal government will provide lands in those provinces for Indian claims. Saskatchewan gained control over oil and gas because of the Act.

Act, Northern Inland Waters: ᒪᓕᒐᖅ (ᐱᖁᔭᖅ) ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑑᑉ ᐃᒪᖁᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ: maligaq piqujaq, ukiuqtaqtuumi imaqutinginnut: Loi sur les eaux internes du Nord

Federal law controlling use of river and lake water in the Arctic. A Board created by this Act (the NWT Water Board) holds hearings when a water user (a town, or mine, etc.) wants to use water in ways which may cause pollution. The mine applied for a water use permit under the Act.

Act, Property Assessment And Taxation: ᒪᓕᒐᖅ, ᐱᖁᑎᖃᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑕᐅᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑖᒃᓰᔭᐃᔭᕈᑏᑦ: maligaq, piqutiqaqtunut qaujisarutauvaktut ammalu taaksijaijarutiit: Loi sur la taxation et l'évaluation foncière

NWT law creating a system of land taxes for houses or other buildings. In tax-based municipalities, the taxes support the municipality directly. In hamlets, the taxes go to the territory which supports the hamlet. He was unhappy about his land taxes and appealed the amount charged under the Act.

Act, Territorial Parks: ᒪᓕᒐᖅ, ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᔪᑎᒍᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᖏᑦᑕ ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᖏᓐᓄᑦ: maligaq, aviksimajutigut gavamangitta mirnguisirvinginnut: Loi sur les parcs territoriaux

NWT law creating and controlling the operation of territorial parks. The whaling station was made into a territorial park under the Act.

Action For Declaration: ᑎᓕᓯᔾᔪᑦᑎ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᖁᔨᓂᕐᒧᑦ: tilisijjuti nalunairsiqujinirmut: Action déclaratoire

A court case asking for a legal decision on ownership, responsibility or status. The grandmother applied to the court in an action for declaration because she wanted to keep custody of her grandson. See Cause of Action.

Action In Tort: ᐱᔭᕆᐊᓕᖕᒥᓂᒃ ᖄᖐᓐᓈᕆᔪᖅ: pilirialingminik qanginnaarijuq: Action délictuelle

A court case asking for money (compensation) because an injury or loss was caused by carelessness or foolishness of another person. Often called a negligence or damages case, also includes cases for trespass, slander or owner's liability. The child had an action in tort because his leg was broken by the speeding taxi.

Adjacent Areas: ᖃᓂᒋᔮᓂᑦᑐᑦ: qanigijaaniitut: Régions adjacentes

Areas nearby or side by side. The fire caused smoke damage in adjacent areas.

Adjusted Basic Needs Level: ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᔾᔪᑎᒋᓇᓱᓐᓂᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᓐᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ: uumajuit inuujjutiginasunniarlugit nammannirartauningit aaqqigiartausimajut: Contingents de base ajustés

Article 5.6.26. See Needs, Adjusted Basic Level.

Administration: ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓂᖅ: aulatsiniq: Administration

1. Care and control. Council is responsible for administration of the old buildings.
2. Central offices or authority. You'll never get that approved by the administration!

Affect: ᐊᒃᑐᐃᓂᖅ: aktuiniq: Affecter

To make an impact on, be involved in a change, to influence. Many English speakers do not distinguish affect from effect. The cold weather affects duck hunting. (It has an influence on duck hunting, but it doesn't cause duck hunting).

Affirm: ᐊᖏᖃᑎᓕᒃ: angiqatilik: Affirmer

To agree, to add support, to state in the positive. The second hunter affirmed the polar bear sighting.

1. Used in the Canadian Constitution in s. 35 which states: "The aboriginal and treaty rights of the aboriginal peoples of Canada are hereby recognized and affirmed."
2. To promise in a sincere and solemn manner. He preferred to affirm rather than swear on the Bible. See Swear.

Agent: ᑭᒡᒐᕆᔭᖅ: kiggarijaq: Agent

An office or person (an agent) who stands in for another (a principal). The agent simply follows the rules and does not have authority to make independent decisions. He could not go to the meeting, so she went as his agent. See Principal.

Agreement In Principle: ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᕐᐸᒥ: angiqatigiigutausimajut sivullirpaami: Entente de principe

1. A preliminary or initial agreement, which must still be formally approved by those involved. The negotiators signed the Agreement in Principle, but it still needed to be approved by a vote.
2. A general agreement where the details will be worked out later. The strikers made an agreement in principle to start work if safety conditions improved.

Alienation, Long Term: ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᐊᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ, ᐊᑯᓂᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᒧᑦ: nunaqutiminnik atuqtuaqtittiniq, akuniuniartumut: Aliénation à long terme

1. To give, sell, mortgage or lease land. To give or sell ownership rights in other property. The Court ordered him not to alienate the land until his ownership was confirmed.
2. Long term alienation, when dealing with archaeological material is defined as a gift, sale, lease or transfer of possession for longer than 3 years. (Article 33: Archaeology).

Allocation: ᑐᓂᐅᖅᑲᐃᓂᖅ/ᐊᒡᒍᐃᓂᖅ: tuniuqqainiq/aguiniq: Allocation

A process of sharing, handing out or dividing among a number of people, groups or communities. This year everyone seemed happy about how the HTO managed the allocation of polar bear tags.

The amount given to a person, group or community. The allocation of capital money to the Kitikmeot range has always been very low.

Ancestral: ᓯᕗᓪᓕᒥᓂᕐᓂᖔᖓᔪᑦ: sivulliminirmingaangajut: Ancestral(aux)

Coming from or belonging to parents, grandparents and great-grandparents, from ancestors. He still knew all the ancestral stories and songs.

Annexed: ᐊᑕᔪᑦ: atajut: Annexé

Attached to. The sale includes all the items listed in List "A" annexed to this contract.

Appointed: ᑎᓕᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ: tilijausimajuq: Nommé

Given a task, position or responsibility by a higher authority. The Mayor was elected by the public but the Senior Administrative Officer was appointed by the full Council.

Arbitration: ᐃᓱᒪᖃᑎᒌᓕᕈᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᒍᔾᔨᓂᖅ: isumaqatigiilirunnangittunik aaqqigujjiniq: Arbitrage

A process organized by those involved in an agreement, to solve disagreements without going to court. The person chosen as arbitrator acts like a court, making a judgment which ends the dispute. For unions with collective agreements, grievances are taken to arbitration. For land claims agreements, the parties involved can take arguments about the meaning of the agreement to arbitration.

Four different processes are used to solve disagreements:

1. Arbitration uses a neutral person to make a decision in the case. The chair of the arbitration hearing was a lawyer from the south.
2. Litigation uses the court process to get a judgment. The decision made is final. They would have to litigate in the courts because the oil company refused to talk to them.
3. Negotiation allows the people with the disagreement to talk to each other to try to solve the problem. The negotiations took a long time; but at the end, they found a solution for everyone.
4. Conciliation uses a neutral person to help the people with the disagreement to solve their own problem. The process was stuck until the conciliation team suggested that everyone go out for dinner and talk it out over a good meal.

Archaeology: ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓕᕆᓂᖅ: itarnisaliriniq: Archéologie

The science of using physical objects to learn about the past. The archeology team was digging at two Thule sites.

Archipelago: ᕿᑭᖅᑕᑦ ᑐᑭᓕᕇᑦ: qikiqtat tukiliriit: Archipel

A chain or series of islands. The boat traveled along the ocean side of the archipelago.

Archival Materials: ᑎᑎᕋᕐᑕᐅᓂᑯᒥᓃᑦ: titirartaunikuminiit: Matériel d'archives

Paper, photographs, maps and other documents to be preserved for historic interest. The museum kept the archival materials in a temperature-controlled room.

Article (Of The Agreement): ᐃᓚᖓ (ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᓂᖓ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᐅᑉ): ilanga (titrarsimaninga angirutiup): Chapitre/Clause (de l'entente)

A numbered paragraph in an agreement or law. Everyone turned their books to Article 35.

As It Deems Appropriate: ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒋᐊᖃᕋᓱᒋᑉᐸᐅᒃ: taimaigiaqarasugippauk: Comme il semble convenable

In a way that a board or judge sees will work. These words mean that the person making the decision has a very wide authority to make choices or choose new ways to do something. The Board shall establish such rules of procedure as it deems appropriate.

Assignee: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᒥᑦ ᑎᒍᒥᐊᕐᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ: pijunnautmit tigumiaqtitauniq: Cessionnaire

A person who asks or agrees to have rights or obligations transferred to them from someone else (the Assignor). The -or ending indicates the person who does; the -ee ending indicates the person who receives. Remember this by: do = or; and, receive = ee. Examples: lessor/leasee; and mortgagor/mortgagee. They transferred the land lease to the assignee, who had agreed to pay all the land taxes.

Assignment: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᒥᑦ ᑎᒍᓯᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ: pijunnautimit tigusititauniq: Attribution

A process used to transfer (assign) rights from one person to another. The renter assigned the last two years of his lease on the house to a fellow employee.

Associated: ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ: ilagijaujuq: Associé

Linked, related, in the same category. She associated the taste with summer.

Attachment: ᐊᑕᔪᖅᑕᓕᒃ: atajuqtaqtalik: Pièce jointe/Saisie

1. An object or document enclosed in a letter. The letter had two attachments: a photograph and a receipt.
2. A legal process which allows one person to claim the property of someone who owes money to him. The trailer could not be sold until the attachment was paid off. See Cause Of Action.

At The Election Of: ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ: namminiq isumaliurniq: Au choix de

By a choice or decision which can be made entirely on his/her own. The colour of the cake is at the election of the birthday girl.

Average: ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒃᑲᔪᒃᑐᖅ/ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᑲᔪᒃᑐᖅ: taimaikkajuktuq/atuqtaukkajuktuq: Moyen/Moyenne

1. Normal, usual, not remarkable. It was an average winter.
2. A mathematical formula used to find the most common number, the usual number. To find the average:
   count how many numbers you have (Temperature readings at noon for one week = 7 numbers); add all the numbers together (4° + 12° + 5° + 12° + 6° + 13° + 13° = 63° total); divide the total by the number of readings (63 ÷ 7 = 9). The average temperature at noon this week was 9° (even though the temperature was never 9° on any of the days it was recorded). On average, hunters killed 6 caribou each in 1987 and 9 each in 1990.

Average Per Capita Income: ᑮᓇᐅᔾᔭᑦᓵᖑᒐᔭᓐᖑᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᑕᐃᓐᓇᕆᓚᐅᖅᑐᒋᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔾᔭᑦᓵᖑᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᐃᓅᖃᑎᒌᓂᑦ: kinaujjatsaangugajanguartut atausirmut katitainnarilauqtugit kiinaujjatsaanguvaktut inuuqatigiinit: Revenu individuel moyen

The average amount of money earned by a person in a year. A measure of wealth which does not tell how evenly the money is distributed among the people. In 1993, the average per capita income in Iqaluit was higher than in Hall Beach.

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B

Bad Faith, To Act In: ᓯᓚᐃᕐᕆᔭᐃᓂᖅ: silairrijainiq: Mauvaise foi, agir de

To go through the motions without wanting to accomplish the goal or objective; to pretend to participate. The owner was negotiating the sale in bad faith; for at the same time he was talking to us, he was preparing to close the store and move to Florida. See Good Faith.

Baseline: ᐱᒋᐊᕐᕕᖓ: pigiarvinga: Éléments de base

Information collected about a situation before a program or policy starts. It establishes how things are so that they can be compared with how things change after the program or policy has started. The wildlife study began with a baseline of 30 polar bears in the region before the mine opened.

Basic Needs Level: ᐃᓅᔾᔪᑎᒋᓇᓱᓐᓂᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ (ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ): inuujjutiginasunniarlugit (uumajuit): Contingents de base

See Needs Level, Basic.

Beneficiary: ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕐᑐᑦᓴᑦ/ᑐᓂᕐᕈᓯᐊᕐᑐᓴᑦ: ikajuusiartutsat/tunirrusiartutsat: Bénéficiaire

A person receiving a benefit; a person getting a gift. The beneficiaries of the school lunch program include the children in twelve communities.

Benefits: ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᑦ/ᑐᓂᕐᕈᓯᐊᑦ: ikajuusiat/tunirrusiat: Avantages

Gifts, grants or positive results. Benefits are gifts for which there is no entitlement. Once he had the tag, he had the right to hunt a polar bear and the benefit of good weather to do the hunting. A benefit of quitting smoking is that you'll be healthier.

Benefits, Economic: ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᑦ/ᑐᓂᕐᕈᓯᐊᑦ, ᑮᓇᐅᔭᕐᓕᐅᕋᓱᓐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔾᔪᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ: ikajuusiat/tunirusiat, kiinaujaliurasunnirmut pivalliajjutaujunartut: Avantages économiques

Positive economic results: usually money, jobs and new products or services. The economic benefits of the fishery were obvious in Pangnirtung.

Bias: ᑕᑉᐱᖅᓱᐃᓯᒪᔪᖅ: tappiqsuisimajuq: Préjugé

A person who has a bias approaches a question from a particular point of view, favouring one side of the question or starting with the view that one issue is especially relevant. There was a question of bias on the part of two members of the panel, one who had worked for the proponents 10 years ago and one whose sister was on the proponent's Board of Directors.

Big Game: ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᖏᔫᑏᑦ: uumajut angijuutiit: Gros gibier

Wolf, wolverine, muskox, bears, walrus caribou, moose deer and reindeer are defined in Article 5.6.19 as big game. In general, large animals hunted for meat. The sports hunters wanted a big game license.

Board, Caribou Management: ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ, ᑐᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ: katimajiit, tuktut aulatauninginnut: Office de gestion du caribou

A board with members who represent users of a caribou herd and governments responsible for caribou management. Usually created under a claims agreement or a management agreement. The Board is responsible for a caribou herd in a particular area. The Board was concerned that the dry summer would affect the number of caribou born the next year.

Board, Nunavut Wildlife Management: ᑲᑎᒪᔩᑦ, ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᕐᔪᐊᒃᑯᑦ: katimajiit, nunavummi uumajulirijirjuakkut: Conseil de gestion des ressources fauniques du Nunavut

A group of people who represent Inuit hunters, their communities and governments in the Nunavut area. The Board is responsible for the management of wildlife species, setting of quotas if needed, wildlife research and the regulation of hunting. The Board considered the problem of rabies in foxes.

Border: ᑭᓪᓕᖓ: killinga: Frontière

The edge or rim; or a line separating two areas. The river was the border between the two provinces. See Boundary.

Boundary: ᑭᓪᓕᖑᐊᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᓖᑦ: killinguangit nunaliit: Ligne frontière

The imaginary dividing line between different provinces, territories, towns or other areas. The municipal boundary was enlarged to include the dump site.

Building Inspection Agency: ᐃᓪᓗᐃᑦ ᐊᑦᑕᓇᓐᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᒪᖔᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑏᑦ: illuit attananngikkaluarmangaata qaujisartiit: Agence d'inspection des bâtiments

A municipal or territorial department which checks buildings for safety according to electrical, building or fire codes. The building inspection agency found six violations of the fire code.

By-Laws: ᒪᓕᒐᕋᓛᑦ: maligaralaat: Règlements

Rules made by a society, board, company or other organization to run their own affairs. The change in the by-laws allowed the society to open a bank account and borrow money.

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C

Cabinet (Federal): ᒥᓂᔅᑕᐃᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕐᔪᐊᖏᑦ (ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ): ministait katimajirjuangit (gavamatuqakkunnut): Cabinet fédéral

The Prime Minister and the Ministers he has chosen, usually all members of the same political party, meeting together to make decisions to guide the government. The Cabinet decided that the government would propose a law to protect air quality everywhere in Canada. See Governor General in Council.

Cabinet (Territorial): ᒥᓂᔅᑕᐃᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕐᔪᐊᖏᑦ (ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᐅᕐᑐᑎᒍᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᕐᑎᖏᓐᓄᑦ): ministait katimajirjuangit (aviksimaurtutigut maligaliurtinginnut): Cabinet territorial

The government leader (Premier) and territorial ministers, all of whom have been elected by the Legislative Assembly, meeting together to guide the government. The cabinet is also called the Executive Council. The Cabinet will meet soon to consider the school funding crisis. See Commissioner in Executive Council.

Campaign, Election: ᓂᕈᐊᕐᑕᐅᓇᓱᓐᓂᖅ, ᓂᕈᐊᕐᓂᖅ: niruartaunasunniq, niruarniq: Campagne électorale

That period of time after the election is announced and before the vote. During this time candidates attempt to get votes by visiting, making speeches and explaining their positions. We knew there was an election campaign because all the children in town were wearing brightly colored campaign buttons.

Can/May/Must: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ/ᐱᔪᒪᒍᓂ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ/ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᖅ: pijunnartuq/pijumaguni pijunnartuq/pijariaqallarittuq: Pouvoir/Pouvoir/Devoir

Can means that something is possible or workable. This car can go up to 130 kph.

May means that something is permitted or allowed. Children may start school at five years of age, or may wait until they are six.

Must means that something is required or essential. A pilot must have a licence to fly and must be in good health.

Note: Many English-speakers are not careful about which word they use when speaking, but when the words are written, particularly in laws or agreements, the different words are used carefully for their exact meaning.

Canadian Human Rights Commission: ᑲᓇᑕᒥ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᓂᑦ ᐱᓂᕐᓗᑦᑕᐅᑦᑕᐃᓕᒪᑎᑦᓯᓇᓱᑦᑏᑦ: kanatami kikkutuinnarnit pinirluttauttailimatitsinasuttiit: Commission canadienne des droits de la personne

An organization of the federal government which deals with complaints about businesses, companies or individuals that have discriminated on the basis of race, religion, colour or other improper reasons. He wrote the Commission for help with his complaint against the store who refused to serve him because he was Pentecostal.

Capital: ᐊᑭᑐᔫᑎᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᔾᔪᑎᒃᓴᑦ: akitujuutit aulajjutiksat: Capital

Money, people, equipment or other resources needed to get a new project started. All resources are either operations (to keep things working on a day to day basis) or capital (to buy new equipment and machines to allow a project to get underway). The capital costs to set up a new hunter include a gun, a snowmobile, a boat, a komatiq, a tent and a stove proper clothing. The operating costs for a hunter include oil, gasoline, bullets, spare parts and repairs for his/her equipment.

Capital, Seed: ᐊᑭᑐᔫᑎᑦ, ᐊᐅᓚᔾᔭᒋᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᐃᑦ: akitujuutit aulajjagiarutitsait: Capitaux de démarrage

Money, people or equipment needed to get a project underway and encourage others to contribute. The seed capital came from the federal government, but the majority of the funding was a loan from two banks and a businessman in the south.

Capital Costs: ᐊᑭᑐᔫᑎᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᕆᐊᓖᑦ: akitujuutit akilirialiit: Besoins en capitaux

The capital costs for a particular project include the money needed for design, construction and finishing of buildings, housing and machinery at the site and other places. It does not include the costs of getting or borrowing the money to do these things. (Article 26-Inuit Impact and Benefit Agreements). An IIB Agreement is required for many projects in Nunavut.

Case-By-Case Basis: ᐃᒻᒥᒃᑰᓕᖓᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ: immikkuulingatillugit isumaliurutauningit: À la pièce

A process where each situation is judged as it happens. There are no rules set out in advance. The teacher was excusing children from gym on a case-by-case basis.

Cause Of Action, Declaration, Claim Or Demand: ᐱᔾᔪᑎᓕᒃ, ᖃᓄᐃᓕᖓᒋᐊᖁᔨᓂᖕᒧᑦ: pijjutilik qanuilingagiaqujinirmut: Matière à poursuite

A reason to take someone to court to obtain damages (money) or a court order for ownership.

1. Susie had a cause of action against the driver of the snowmobile which hit her.
2. In the action for declaration Peter asked the Court to confirm that the boat belonged to him and not to the Bank.
3. Matthew made a claim for the insurance money after the storm ruined his dock.
4. Alice arranged for the demand because Phillip had not repaid the $500.00 three months later.

Caveat: ᐃᓂᖅᑎᕆᔾᔪᑎ: iniqtirijjuti: Notification d'opposition

A warning to be careful. Usually a warning, written and registered, that a piece of land may not belong to the person with his or her name on the title. The house was registered in the husband's name, but the wife filed a caveat as part of the divorce case, preventing the husband from selling the land.

Cede/Release/Surrender: ᑐᓂᓯᓂᖅ, ᓴᒃᑯᑦᓯᓂᖅ: tunisiniq/sakkutsiniqniq: Céder/Libérer/Abdiquer

To give up, to let go, to allow someone else to take control.

1. Paul ceded his chair so that the older woman could sit.
2. Annie released the school from their obligation to buy three more tents.
3. The judge told Sam to surrender his driver's licence because he had been driving while drunk.

Certificate: ᐸᐃᑉᐸᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᕐᓯᔾᔪᑎ: paippaatigut ilisarsijjuti: Certificat

A piece of paper signed and confirmed by the appropriate authority. The gift certificate allowed him to purchase skates without paying.

Certify: ᐸᐃᑉᐸᖅᑎᒍᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓂᖅ: paippaaqtigut nalunaiqsiniq: Certifier

To say, in writing and with a signature, that something is true or accurate. The teacher certified that his marks were good enough for a pass.

Charter Of Rights And Freedoms: ᐱᖁᔭᕐᔪᐊᓃᑦᑐᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓱᕈᓐᓇᕈᑏᓪᓗ: piqujarjuaniittut pijunnauti isumaqsurunnarutiillu: Charte des droits et libertés

The part of the Constitution of Canada which sets out the rights of Canadians and the limits on the laws or the actions of government, including police, against any Canadian. Any law which does not respect the basic rights contained in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms will not be allowed by the courts.

Chattel: ᐱᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ: piqutigijaujut: Bien meuble

Any personal belonging which is not land, bonds, cash, cheques or bank accounts. Cars, skidoos, computers, tables and clothing are all examples of chattels. They agreed to move him, his family and their chattels.

Citation: ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑎ ᓇᒦᒪᖔᑕ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᑦ: nalunaikkuti namiimangaata tukisigiarutitsat: Citation

Description which tells where information can be found. His memory was so good, he could give you a citation for any phrase from the Bible.

Citizen: ᓄᓇᓕᒃ (ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᖅ): nunalik (kanatamiuq): Citoyen

An individual who is a Canadian by birth or because the government has given him or her the legal right to live, work and vote in Canada. Harry was allowed to vote in the election this year as he had become a Canadian citizen.

Claim: ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᕐᓂᕋᕐᓂᖅ: namminiqarnirarniq: Revendication/Claim minier

A strong statement of rights or ownership.

Land Claims are statements of land ownership based on rights and title. The land claim was being negotiated with the federal government.

Mining Claims are the areas marked out (staked) by mineral companies or prospectors which may be developed into mines. The mineral claim was staked using a team of men and a helicopter. See Cause of Action.

Claimant: ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᕐᓂᕋᕐᑐᖅ (ᓄᓇᖃᕐᓂᕋᕐᑐᖅ): namminiqarnirartuq (nunaqarnirartuq): Demandeur/Ayant droit/Revendicateur

1. A person making a claim, especially a land claim. The new organization represented all the claimant groups from north of 60°.
2. Under the Nunavut Agreement, an Inuk or Inuit, meaning an Inuk or Inuit who are registered in the Nunavut Claim. A claimant must register to be put on the eligibility list.

Claims, Rights, Titles And Interests: ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᕐᓂᕋᕐᓂᖅ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᕐᓂᑰᓂᕋᐅᑎᒥᖕᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖃᑕᐅᓂᕋᕈᑎᑦ: namminiqarnirarniq, pijunnautit, nunaqaqqaarnikuunirautimingnik ammalu piqataunirarutit: Revendications, droits, titres et intérêts

A general phrase intended to cover all possible legal entitlements, in all possible forms, both for the present and the future. In return for the agreement, the parties released each other from all claims, rights, titles and interests in relation to the accident. See Cause of Action.

Collateral Agreement Or Condition: ᑕᐅᖅᓰᔾᔪᑎᒃᓴᒫᓂᑦ (ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᒃᓴᒫᓂᑦ) ᓇᓪᓕᐅᑯᒫᖃᕐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᒪᓕᓪᓚᕆᒋᐊᓕᑦ: tauqsiijjutiksamaanit (akiliutiksamaanit) nalliukumaaqarningmut angiqatigiigut uvvaluunniit malillarigialit: Entente ou condition subsidiaire

See Representation, Warranty, Collateral Agreement or Condition.

Come Into Force: ᐊᑐᓕᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ: atuliqtitauniq: Entrer en vigueur

Take effect, to start being law, to begin to be used. Especially used for a law which is passed by the legislature or by Parliament on one date but which will be effective as a law some time in the future. The Nunavut legislation will come into force on January 1, 1999.

Commercial Harvest: ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᒃᓴᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ ᓂᕐᔪᑎᓂᑦ: niurrutiksaliuniq uumajurniq: Récolte à des fins commerciales

The killing of animals or fish to use the skins, meat or antlers for sale rather than for personal or community use. There were so many musk ox that a commercial harvest was organized.

Commercial/Industrial Activity: ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᒃᓴᓕᐅᕐᓂᖅ/ᓴᓇᕝᕕᔾᔪᐊᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖏᑦ: niurutiksaliurniq/sanavijjuat piliriangit: Activité commerciale/industrielle

Activities for the purpose of producing goods to sell or for making a profit. The outpost camps were looking for a commercial activity to get some cash to support some purchases in town.

Commission (A Document): ᓱᓕᓂᕋᐃᔾᔪᑦ (ᑎᑎᖅᑲᒃᑯᑦ): suliniraijjut (titiqqakkut): Assermentation d'un document

To take (a document) to a Commissioner for Oaths to be sworn as being true. The court clerk agreed to commission the passport application.

Commission (An Inquiry): ᑎᓕᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ (ᖃᐅᔨᓴᖁᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ): tilijausimajut (qaujisaqujaullutik): Mettre sur pied une commission d'enquête

To provide a set of instructions to a group of people (usually called Commissioners) who will investigate and report back. A Royal Commission is a group of people instructed by Parliament to investigate and report back on a question of national importance. The Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples listened to many people and included their ideas in its report.

Commissioner-In-Executive Council: ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔩᑦ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᖅᑎᖓᑦ: aulatsijiit kiggaqtuqtingat: Commissaire en conseil exécutif

The Cabinet and Commissioner meeting together. This is the formal name for the authority which makes regulations in the Northwest Territories. These regulations can only be changed by the Commissioner-in-Executive-Council. See Cabinet; Regulation.

Common Law: ᒪᓕᒐᑐᖃᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᐃᑉᐸᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᑲᑎᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᓗᓂ: maligatuqait titrartausimangittut uvvaluunniit aippariinniq katititausimangikkaluarluni: Common law/Union de fait

1. Case law or judge-made law, including decisions in cases that have been recorded over hundreds of years from England, from all across Canada, and now from other parts of the Commonwealth. There was no Act for the judge to base his decision on, so he looked at several earlier cases on the same topic which were part of the common law on the subject.
2. Term used to describe a long term relationship between a man and woman who live together as husband and wife, but who are not married. They lived common-law for three years until they got married.

Common Law (versus Civil Law): ᒪᓕᒐᑐᖃᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ: maligatuqait titiraqsimanngittut: Droit commun (versus Droit civil)

The common law system is used in the Northwest Territories and every part of Canada (except Quebec, which uses a Civil Law system). The common law system allows the decisions of judges to be used to create legal rules and decide future cases. (In contrast, the civil law system is used in Europe and Quebec. It has a Civil Code which sets out the rules and procedures for civil law in the same way the Criminal Code sets out the rules for criminal law.) He was trained Ontario, a common law province.

Compensate: ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖓ: ikajuusiariaqarninga: Indemniser

To make a new plan or arrangement in order to make up for a loss. There were two classes this week to compensate for the one cancelled last week.

Compensation, Monetary: ᐊᑭᓕᐅᓯᐊᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᖓ: akiliusiariaqarninga: Indemnisation monétaire

A payment of some kind to make up for a personal or property loss. She received $100,000.00 in monetary compensation for the fire which destroyed the house she had built.

Comply: ᒪᓕᓪᓗᓂ: malilluni: Respecter (une disposition)

To follow, go along with. The army was careful to comply with the local liquor restrictions.

Conciliation: ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᑦᑎᑦᓯᓇᓱᓐᓂᖅ: angiqatigiittitsinasunniq: Conciliation

See Arbitration.

Conciliator: ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᑦᑎᑦᓯᓇᓱᒃᑎ: angiqatigiittitsinasukti: Conciliateur

The person who arranges and supervises the conciliation process.

Condition: ᒪᓕᒃᑕᐅᒋᐊᓕᒃ: maliktaugialik: Condition/Pré-requis

Facts, events or states which are essential. Having a driver's license was a condition of his employment. See Representation, Warranty, Collateral Agreement or Condition.

Condition Precedent: ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᒪᓕᒃᓴᖅᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ: taimailauqsimaninganut maliksaqtaujunnartuq: Condition précédente

A fact, event or state which must occur before a second event can take place.

Having a loaded gun is a condition precedent to being able to shoot the gun.

Confer: ᐅᖃᖃᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᑐᓵᔭᐅᑦᑕᐃᓕᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᓂᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑕᕐᒥᒃ: uqaqatiqarniq tusaajauttaililluni uvvaluunniit tunisiniq nalunaikkutarmik: Conférer

1. To discuss with other people, usually privately. He stopped to confer with his advisors.
2. To grant or give something, usually an honour or degree. Arctic College planned to confer an honourary diploma on the elder.

Configuration: ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓱᖅᓯᒪᓂᖓ: aqqitsuqqsimaninga: Configuration

Location, arrangement or placement of one item in comparison to others. The land lay in an L-shaped configuration between the ocean and the hills.

Conflict Of Interest: ᐃᒻᒥᓄᑦ ᐊᑲᐅᓐᖏᓕᐅᕈᑎᒋᓂᐅᓴᒃᐸᐅᒃ ᐊᕝᕕᐊᕈᑎᒋᓂᐅᓴᒃᐸᐅᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ: imminut akaunngiliurutiginiusakpauk avviarutiginiusakpaulluunniit: Conflit d'intérêts

A situation where a person has conflicting duties, interests or obligations. Some Acts (Cities, Towns and Villages Act, Legislative Assembly Act) contain definitions of this term applying to elected persons. She refused to vote, saying she had a conflict of interest between her family's finances and the issue being discussed.

Conformity: ᒪᓕᒃᑎᒌᑦᓯᐊᕆᐊᓖᑦ: maliktigiitsiarialiit: Conformité

Being the same as; as required or approved by an authority. All the wiring was done in conformity with the Electrical Code.

Consent: ᐊᖏᕐᓂᖅ: angirniq: Consentement

Agreement or permission. No one may use the truck without his consent.

Consideration: ᐊᑭᓖᔾᔪᑎ (ᑕᐅᖅᓰᔾᔪᑎ): akiliijjuti (tauqsiijjuti): Considération

Payment or exchange. Used in legal documents to describe the contribution made by each side to a bargain or agreement. Consideration may be a very small amount (one dollar), may come in the form of a promise or agreement to do or not do certain acts, or may be a payment of money. A contract must have consideration from each party to the contract or the law will see the arrangement as a gift. In consideration of the promises made, and money received, both parties agree to stop using road 12217 for a period of three years.

Construed: ᑐᑭᑖᖅᑎᑕᖅ: tukitaaqtitaq: Interprété

Read or understood to mean something, but without the exact words being present. We construed his note to mean that he would be home before dark, although his exact words were "before the brightness dulls."

Context: ᐃᓗᓕᖏᑦ (ᐃᓗᓕᖓ): ilulingit (ilulinga): Contexte

Surrounding information or circumstances. His request for a second day off was reasonable in the context of the continuing blizzard.

Contingency: ᑕᐃᒪᐃᑐᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ: taimaituinnarialik: Contingence

Possibility which may or may not happen in the future. Money had been put aside on the contingency that the washing machine might need replacing.

Convoke: ᑲᑎᖁᔨᓂᖅ: katiqujiniq: Convoquer

To bring together a group for a particular purpose. To call people together. The Association convoked its members to the annual general assembly.

Costs: ᐊᑮᑦ: akiit: Coûts

The expenses associated with a project. In a legal case this means the costs of the lawyers and witnesses. The side that loses a legal case can be ordered to pay the costs of the side that wins. The judge awarded costs against the driver of the school bus.

Cost, Financing: ᐊᑭᓕᕆᐊᓕᑦ, ᐊᑐᖅᑐᐊᕈᑎᒥᓂᕐᓄᑦ: akilirialit, atuqtuarutiminirnut: Coût du financement

The cost of borrowing money to pay for a project. This is calculated by adding up the interest charged each month on money borrowed until all the money is paid back. The financing cost of $100,000.00 over 2 years at 12% interest is $27,000.00.

Court Of Competent Jurisdiction: ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕖᑦ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᑦᓴᖏᓐᓂᒃ: iqqaqtuiviit sanginiqaqtitaujut piliriatsanginnik: Cour ayant juridiction appropriée

A court which would normally have authority in this matter. Different courts have different powers and responsibilities. Superior Courts, like the Supreme Court of the NWT, and Federal Courts usually have authority in issues like land claims. The decision of the licensing board may be appealed to a court of competent jurisdiction.

Criteria: ᒪᓕᒋᐊᓕᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕐᓂᖕᒧᑦ: maligialit isumaliurnirmut: Critère

Basis or guidelines for making a decision. The prize was awarded after the judges considered three criteria: weight, colour and height.

Crown: ᑯᐃᑉ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᑦᑕᐅᓂᖓ: kuip kiggatuqtauninga: Couronne

The government, as the representative of the Queen. Used when talking about land ownership, rights or privileges of government. When a person dies without relatives, all their property is given to the Crown.

Crown, Its Agents And Servants: ᑯᐃᑉ ᑭᒡᒐᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓ ᑲᓇᑕᒧᑦ: kuip kiggatuqtuninga kanatamut: Couronne, ses agents et ses préposés

The government, the civil servants (government employees) and other people who are working for the government on contracts or through government controlled organizations. No fee shall be charged for copies of documents provided to the Crown, its agents and servants. See Agent.

Crown Corporation: ᒐᕙᒪᓄᑦ ᑯᐊᐳᕇᓴᖁᑎᖓᑦ: gavamanut kuapuriisaqutingat: Société de la couronne

A business owned and controlled by government. NTPC is a Northwest Territories Crown Corporation.

Crown In Right Of Canada: ᑯᐃᓐ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᖏᓐᓄᑦ: kuin kiggaqtuqtaulluni kanataup gavamakkunginnut: Roi (reine) du chef du Canada

The government of Canada, as the representative of the Queen (See Crown). His court case was against both the Crown in right of Canada and the Crown in right of Ontario.

Custody versus Possession versus Ownership: (ᐱᓯᒪᒃᓯᓂᖅ, ᑎᒍᔭᐅᓯᒪᓂᖅ) ᐸᐸᑦᓯᓂᖅ/ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᕐᓂᖅ: (pisimaksiniq, tigujausimaniq), papatsiniq/namminiqarniq: Garde/Propriété/Possession

Three different ways the law looks at control over objects, used together to cover all possible forms of control over property. Control over property is a bundle of rights which include the right to use, the right to complete or shared possession, the right to profit from, the right to harvest, the right to sell or dispose, or the right to control others who wish to use.

Custody is the right to care for and to make decisions to maintain.

Possession is the simple fact of having physical control, with or without other legal rights over the property.

Ownership is the fact of having one or more rights to control property.

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D

Damages: ᐊᑭᓖᔾᔪᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᓖᑦ: akiliijjutaujarialiit: Dommages-intérêts

An estimation of the money required to make up for a loss. The payment of damages is supposed to put someone in the same position he/she would have been in if the loss had not happened. Damages come in different categories:

Pecuniary Damages: Money paid out or lost directly as a result of the loss or incident. These include items such as lost income, the cost of repairs, trips to the doctor or replacing destroyed equipment.

General Damages: Damages for losses which normally are not counted in money, such as pain and suffering, loss of life, emotional trauma and physical scarring.

Consequential Damages: Damages which could be predicted because of the loss. Consequential damages to a power failure might include the loss of meat in freezers.

Economic Damages: Damages to compensate for lost profit or business losses. Economic damages for a destroyed carving would include the profit which could be made if the carving were sold.

Liquidated Damages: Damages in an amount agreed upon in advance, even before the damage occurred. A deposit made on a purchase is normally the liquidated damages in case the sale does not go through.

Nominal Damages: Damages in name only, for example, for not doing something you agreed to do, but which really didn't cause any harm. Usually one dollar ($1.00).

Punitive Or Exemplary Damages: Damages above the value of the injury suffered, which are an extra punishment or warning to the wrong-doer from profiting from its error or mistake. These damages are rarely awarded under Canadian law.

Dedicate: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᑐᕌᕐᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: atausirmut turaaqtitsiniq: Affecter à

To agree to use something for one purpose only. Commit to something. The land was dedicated to a park. He was dedicated to his job.

Deem: ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒋᐊᖃᕋᓱᒋᑉᐸᐅᒃ: taimaigiaqarasugippauk: Juger nécessaire/convenable

To agree or make a rule about certain facts or conditions, but only for a particular purpose. The committee deemed geese to be included in the category of "ducks." With six women and four men playing, we deemed Jennifer to be a man, and then we had even teams.

Defense Of Statutory Authorization: ᓴᐳᔾᔨᔾᔪᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᓄᖅᑲᖓᑎᑕᐅᓚᐅᓐᖏᓐᓂᖓᓄᑦ: sapujjijjut maligartigut nuqqangatitaulaunngininganut: Défense basée sur une autorisation légale

A defence used in court in criminal or civil cases. The argument is that another or different law has allowed the activity which is now complained of. The hamlet used the defense of statutory authorization, pointing out that the territorial government had given them a license to build the road which people now complained had caused pollution in the stream.

Delegate: ᑎᓕᓯᓂᖅ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᖅᑎᑦᓴᒥᒃ: tilisiniq kiggaqtuqtitsamik: Déléguer

To give authority or responsibility to another person or organization, but to keep the right to use that authority or responsibility yourself, as well as the right to take back the authority or responsibility. The territorial government delegated responsibility for social services to the hamlet.

Delineate: ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖅ: nalunaiqsitsiarniq: Délimiter

Clearly define the edge or limit. The municipal boundary delineated the area of the by-law officer's authority.

Demography: ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᐃᓄᖏᓪᓗ ᐅᓄᖅᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᕙᓐᓂᖏᑦᑕ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᕙᓐᓂᖏᑦ: nunaliit inungillu unuqsivalliavanningitta qajisartauvanningit: Démographie

The science of populations. The study of community sizes, growth, ages of people, births, deaths, movement of peoples and similar issues. Town Council wanted to know the demography of children under 6 years in the community, in order to plan for school sites.

Dene: ᐊᓪᓚᐃᑦ: allait: Déné

Indian people of the Western Arctic, Yukon and northern parts of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta who call themselves Dene (the people) and speak the Dene languages. The Dene include the Gwitch'n (formerly Loucheaux), Slavey, Dogrib, and Chipewyan nations.

Dene/Metis: ᐊᓪᓚᐃᑦ/ᐊᓪᓚᖓᔪᑦ: allait/allangajut: Déné/Métis

Aboriginal inhabitants of the Western Northwest Territories who participated in the negotiation of land claims through the Dene Nation and the Metis Nation (formerly the Metis Association of the Northwest Territories). This term was commonly used before the Western claim was divided into regional claims. The Dene/Metis now include the Gwitch'n, the Sahtu, the Dogrib (North Slave), the Deh Cho and South Slave regions and Metis people living those regions as they participate in the claims process.

Dene/Metis Organizations: ᐊᓪᓚᐃᑦ/ᐊᓪᓚᖓᔪᓪᓗ ᑲᑐᑦᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ: allait/allangajullu katujjiqatigiingit: Organismes dénés et métis

The political and land claims organizations representing the Dene and the Metis of the Western Arctic, including land organizations formed to negotiate as a result of the claim.

Depreciable Property: ᐱᑐᖃᕈᕐᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖓᓄᑦ ᐊᑭᑭᓪᓕᕙᓪᓕᐊᔪᖅ: pituqarurpallianinganut akikillivalliajuq: Propriété dépréciable

Property which loses its value over time. Property which declines in value as it is used. (A car is a depreciable property because its value decreases as it is used while a piece of land does not lose value.)

Deputy Minister: ᒥᓂᔅᑕᐅᑉ ᑐᖏᓕᐊ: ministaup tungilia: Sous-ministre

The chief civil servant in a federal, territorial or provincial government department; the head of the department, picked by the minister to carry out the policy direction the government chooses. After our meeting with the Deputy Minister we had no trouble getting the project approved by others in the Department.

Deputy Minister, Assistant: ᒥᓂᔅᑕᐅᑉ ᑐᖏᓕᐊᑕ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᖓ: ministaup tungiliata ikajuqtinga: Sous-ministre adjoint

Assistant to the Deputy Minister, usually responsible for a particular set of programs or policies within a government department. Some departments have one or two assistant deputy ministers (territorially) or four or five (federally).

Derogate: ᐊᓯᕈᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᖅ: asiruppallianiq: Déroger

To erode or wear away over time, to gradually change. While in the city he derogated from his plan to finish school. See Abrogate.

Designate: ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓂᖅ (ᑎᒃᑯᐊᖅᓯᓂᖅ): nalunairsiniq (tikkuaqsiniq): Désigner

To name or define someone or something as a member of a group or as having a special function. The barren lands caribou was designated a Class "A" species, requiring a sports hunting license. The teacher designated Sally as lunch monitor.

Designated Inuit Organization: ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ: nalunairtausimajut inuit katujjiqatigiingit: Organisme inuit désigné

A term which was used to identify land claims organizations before the actual names of those organizations were decided. Commonly abbreviated as DIO. Today the DIO will be Nunavut Tungavik, a Regional Inuit Association or one of the Councils or Boards named in the land claim. The DIO will have the authority to call witnesses and do research.

Desirable: ᐱᔪᒥᓇᖅᑐᖅ/ᐃᑦᓯᓇᖅᑐᖅ: pijuminartuq/iktsinaqtuq: Souhaitable

Something that is preferred or wished for, but not essential. It is desirable that children bring skates, but some will be available for rent.

Determination: ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔾᔪᑎ: nalunairsijjuti: Détermination

A formal choice or statement of facts or law. A ruling which may be used to lead to a important decision. The electrical inspector made the determination that the school was unsafe.

Detrimental: ᐊᑦᑕᓇᖅᑐᖅ (ᓱᕋᑦᔪᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ): attanaqtuq (suratjutaujunartuq): Préjudiciable

Harmful, likely to have bad effects or cause trouble. His angry attitude was detrimental to our attempts to get an agreement. Smoking is detrimental to your health.

Developer: ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ: pivalliatitsijuq: Promoteur

An individual or business which changes land from its natural state or from its present use to a new or different use. The developer wanted to build a mine along the lake shore. The developer raised the money to tear down the old homes and build a new store and duplexes for families.

Development: ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: pivalliatitsiniq: Développement

1. The process of developing land from its natural or present use to a new or different use. The development of marsh lands can affect bird life.
2. The changes made to the land, and the buildings or other changes put in place. The heavy equipment had already begun work on the development.

Development Project: ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᐃᑦ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᔾᔪᑎᒃᓴᒧᑦ: piliriaksait pivalliajjutiksanut: Projet de développement

A plan to spend or invest money in order to build or change lands or buildings. The purpose of a development project is to make a profit for the developer and meet a need in the general economy or community. The development project would provide many new houses but would result in the lake being drained.

DIO: ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑯᖏᑦ: nalunaiqtausimajut inuit katujjiqatigiingit: OID

See Designated Inuit Organization.

Discharge: ᐱᔭᕆᐊᓕᖕᒥᓂᒃ ᐱᔭᕇᖅᓯᔪᖅ: pijarialingminik pijariirsijuq: S'acquitter de

To fulfill all responsibilities. The company discharged all the requirements of the development permit.

Disclose: ᑐᓴᕋᒃᓴᓐᖑᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: tusaratsannguqtitsiniq: Divulguer

To give information or to allow someone to get the information. We were required to disclose the cost of the car in order to make the insurance claim.

Discretion: ᐃᓱᒪᑦᓴᕐᓯᐅᕈᑎᖃᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖅ: isumatsarsiurutiqatsiarniq: Discrétion

Good judgment and common sense. The decision was left to the discretion of the Minister.

1. Exercise of Discretion: use of the decision-making authority available, usually to allow an exception or to react to an unusual circumstance.
2. To Fetter Discretion: to make agreements or to put in place rules or conditions which prevent the free use of discretion. Boards or people given discretion are not supposed to fetter their discretion.

Disseminate: ᓯᐊᒻᒪᒃᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: siammaktitsiniq: Disséminer

To distribute widely, to spread around. The information was disseminated to all regional offices in the form of a pamphlet.

Distress/Distrain: ᑎᒍᒥᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᖁᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᓖᓇᓱᓐᓂᖏᓐᓂ: tigumiarniq piqutigijaujunik akiliinasunninginni: Effectuer une saisie

To hold on to property until a payment is made. This is legal in some circumstances. The landlord was entitled to distress for lost rents against the furniture left in the apartment.

Diversity: ᐊᔾᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᕈᓘᔭᐃᑦ: ajjigiingitturuluujait: Diversité

Variety, many different kinds and types.

Divest: ᓴᒃᑯᐃᓂᖅ: sakkuiniq: Déposséder

Sell, get rid of or give up ownership of a property or responsibility. The Board divested itself from any ownership in the fishing boat. See Vest.

Division Of Powers: ᐊᒡᒍᖅᑕᐅᓯᔪᓂᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᐅᖅᑐᑦ: agguqtausimajunit pijunnarniqauqtut: Partage des pouvoirs

The division of authority between federal and provincial governments, mainly as contained in s. 91 and 92 of the British North America Act, now called the Canada Act. Section 91 sets out the areas that the federal government controls including s. 91(24) which identifies the federal government as responsible for aboriginal issues. Section 92 sets out the areas that the provincial government controls. In these areas the province can make laws and any conflicting laws made by the federal government have no effect. Most, but not all, areas of authority for a province are also the ones the territorial government has been given under the Northwest Territories Act. Unlike provincial laws, territorial laws are always under control of federal laws, even in areas where the territorial government has been given powers. The division of powers between federal and provincial governments has been the source of many court cases.

Domestic: ᐃᓚᒌᑦ/ᐃᓪᓗᖃᑎᒌᑦ: ilagiit/illuqatigiit: Domestique

1. Within a family or household. There was a decrease in domestic violence.
2. Within Canada, at home. Domestic trade increased by 4% while international trade increased by only 2.3%.

Domesticated: ᓄᔪᐊᖅᑕᐅᒍᓐᓃᕐᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᕈᖅᓯᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ: nujuartaugunniirtitausimajut uvvaluunniit piruqsiangusimajut: Domestiqué

Plants or animals controlled and managed by people in farms or herds. Planting, growth and reproduction are controlled by managers or farmers. Big blue, domesticated blueberries are favourites in stores, but the tiny dark wild berries, found on the hillsides, have much more flavour.

Drainage Basin: ᑰᓐᓂᕆᔭᐅᔪᓕᒫᑦ: kuunnirijaujulimaat: Bassin hydrographique

See Watershed.

Due Weight: ᐃᓱᒪᑦᓴᖅᓯᐅᕈᑎᖃᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖅ: isumatsaqsiurutiqatsiarniq: Attention adéquate

Appropriate thought or attention, neither too much nor too little. The judge must give due weight to the victim's statement.

Duty: ᐱᔭᕆᐊᓖᑦ (ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᕋᒥ): pijarialiit (pijariaqarami): Devoir

Obligation or responsibility. For a Board or agency, the duties are those activities which it must do, and which it can be held responsible for. In a law, where it is written "the Board shall..." or "every wildlife officer shall..." this indicates a duty. He was under a duty to report monthly to the Board. The Lotteries Board had the duty to insure fair licensing for bingos and raffles.

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E

Easement: ᓄᓇᒥᒃ ᐊᑐᑲᐃᓐᓇᕈᓐᓇᕐᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ: nunamik atukainarunaqtitauniq: Droit de passage

Legal right to access and use of land. An easement may be for a particular purpose, time period or may be limited to a narrow strip of land. NTPC had an easement across the land for its power lines.

Ecological System: ᐆᒪᔪᓕᒫᑦ ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓃᒃᑐᓪᓗ ᑲᓱᖅᓯᒪᐅᑎᓂᖏᑦ: uumajulimaat avaluaniiktullu kasuqsimautiningit: Système écologique

The relationship between living things (like plants and animals) and their environment. The parts of the ecosystem work together as a whole and are related to other parts of the natural world. The children were studying the seashore ecosystem by collecting samples and watching what changed when the tides changed.

Economic Opportunity: ᒪᑭᒪᔾᔪᑎᒃᓴᓄᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕈᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ: makimajjutiksanut kiinaujaliurutaujunnartut: Occasion d'affaires

Possibility for a business, construction, a service to meet a need and make money for the owners. The increased demand for fast foods created an economic opportunity.

Economy, Diversification And Stabilization Of The: ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᕋᓱᓐᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᒪᑭᒪᔾᔪᑎᒃᓴᓂᒃ, ᐅᓄᖅᓯᕙᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᓯᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᒪᑭᑉᐸᓪᓕᐊᑎᑦᓯᓇᓱᓐᓂᕐᓗ: kiinaujaliurasunnirmut makimajjutiksanik, unuqsivalliatitsinasuarniq makippalliatitsinasunnirlu: Diversification et stabilisation de l'économie

A process which tries to increase the different kinds of businesses operating in an area (diversification), and to create healthy and profitable businesses which can survive economic ups and downs (stabilization). Every government and every development scheme promises diversification and stabilization of the economy, but few are able to keep this promise.

Ecosystem: ᐆᒪᔪᓕᒫᑦ ᐊᕙᓗᐊᓃᒃᑐᓪᓗ ᑲᓱᖅᓯᒪᐅᑎᓂᖏᑦ: uumajulimaat avaluaniiktullu kasuqsimautiningit: Écosystème

See Ecological System.

Effect: ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖅ: aktuqtauniq: Effectuer/Effet

1. To cause something to happen. He tried to effect changes in the whale quota.
2. A result or consequence. The effect of his speech was the change made to the law.

Employment Rotation: ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᑏᑦ ᓇᓪᓕᑭᑕᖅᐸᓐᓂᖏᑦ: iqqanaijartiit nallikitaqpanningit: Travail sur quarts

The creation of employee work schedules which allow for a variety of work patterns, like 4 days on 3 days off, or 2 weeks in 10 days out. The employment rotation at the summer support camps meant 14-hour days, but regular breaks to go home.

Enforceability: ᐊᑐᓕᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓ: atulirtitaujunnarninga: Légalité juridique

Ability to be enforced through the courts. The enforceability of the contract was in question because he was only 16 when he signed it.

Enforcement: ᐊᑐᓕᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ/ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: atulirtitsiniq/kajusititsiniq: Exécution/Application

Process of requiring that someone does what they are supposed to do, or follows rules or laws. There were good anti-pollution laws, but the problem was getting the government to provide some enforcement.

Enforcement Mechanisms: ᐊᑐᓕᖅᑎᑦᓯᔾᔪᑏᑦ/ᑲᔪᓯᑎᑦᓯᔾᔪᑏᑦ: atulirtitsijiit/kajusititsijjutiit: Mécanismes de mise en application

Ways of making sure that someone live up to his/her personal or legal duties. This may happen through the courts or through processes such as arbitration. The agreement had three enforcement mechanisms that they would try before starting a legal action.

Enrolment: ᐊᑎᓕᐅᕆᓂᖅ: atiliuriniq: Inscription

Process of registering the names of all persons who are qualified to do something. School enrolment will begin in June for children starting kindergarten in the fall.

Entitle: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑖᖅᑎᑦᑎᓂᖅ: pijunnautitaqtitiniq: Donner droit à

To give the right. This coupon will entitle you to a free lunch.

Entitled: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ: pijunautiqarniq: Avoir le droit de

Having the right. The Company was entitled to build the house on the land.

Equitable: ᐃᓚᐃᓐᓈᖅᑕᐃᓕᓂᖅ: ilainnaaqtailiniq: Équitable

Fair, reasonable and sensible, even if it doesn't follow the strict rules of law. It is only equitable to divide up family property when a common-law couple separates.

Equitable Interest In Land: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᖃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᕐᓗ ᓄᓇᒥᑦ: pijunnautiqarniq namminiqaqataujunnarnirlu nunamit: Droit foncier reconnu en équité

Rights or ownership of land that are fair and sensible, even if not written down and registered at a lands registry. The nephew had an equitable interest in the uncle's house after living there for twenty years and paying all the bills.

Equity: ᐃᓚᐃᓐᓈᖅᑕᐃᓕᓂᖅ (ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᓂᖅ) ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᑦ: ilainnaaqtailiniq (ajjigiinniq) uvvaluunniit piqutit: Équité

1. Fairness and common sense. When a court is asked for equity, they are asked to put aside the strict rules of law, and deal with the issues of fairness. Equitable interest may be unregistered, but still valid. Her brother was not listed as a shareholder, but in equity he had an interest in 150 shares.
2. The value of property which is not mortgaged or used as security. The house was worth $200,000.00 but with a mortgage of $180,000.00 the equity in the house was only $20,000.00.

Estate: ᐱᖁᑎ (ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ): piquti (nunaqutiqarniq): Biens fonds/Succession

Ownership rights in land. Various estates in land are possible, from fee simple estates to easements and squatter's rights.

Estate (Acquired By) Prescription: ᓄᓇᖁᑎᑖᕈᓐᓇᓂᖅ (ᐊᖅᑯᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ) ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑐᑐᖃᐅᓂᖓ: nunaqutitaarunnarniq (aqqutigillugu) nunaqaqtutuqauninga: Biens fonds acquis par prescription

A right to land ownership or use (an estate) based on long term possession of that land, when the owner hasn't given permission, but also hasn't forced departure. Commonly known as squatter's rights. These rights are not generally available over Crown or Government lands. Thirty years of walking across the empty lot led to the neighbours being able to claim a public easement for a walkway; in effect, they had acquired an estate by prescription.

Ethnographic Objects: ᐅᐊᑦᓯᐊᕈᕐᓂᓴᑐᖃᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᓐᓄᑦ ᓴᓇᔭᐅᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑯᕕᓃᑦ (ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᐃᑦ): uatsiarurnisatuqait inunnut sanajauqattarnikuviniit (ittarnisait): Objets ethnographiques

Very old, historical or other objects made by people, which are a part of their culture. Things that are valuable or important to a culture, language or community. For example, seal-oil lamp. The removal of ethnographic objects from the territory is prohibited, except with a license.

Evidence, Rules Of: ᓴᖅᑭᑕᐅᔪᒃᓴᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖏᑦ: saqqitaujuksat maligangit: Règles de preuve

Rules used by a court, board or tribunal to decide what type of information, documents and arguments it will rely on when making a decision. According to the rules of evidence, he was not allowed to mention anything he had done after the accident.

Evidence, Strict Rules Of: ᓴᕿᑕᐅᔪᒃᓴᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᖏᑦ ᓴᓂᖅᑯᒐᒃᓴᐅᖏᑦᑐᑦ: saqitaujuksat maligangit sanitqugatsaungitut: Règles de preuve strictes

Rules used by a court to decide the types of information it will listen to as part of a court case. This includes strict rules about hearsay (second-hand) evidence, confessions and opinions. The board could set its own rules and was not obliged to follow the strict rules of evidence which a court would have followed.

Execution: ᒪᓕᒐᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᑐᓕᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: maligartigut atuliqtitsiniq: Assermentation/Exécution

Of a document: The signing of a document with all the necessary witnesses and supporting documents in order to make the papers legal. They took the house-sale papers to the lawyer's office for execution.

Of an authority or warrant: The use of an authority or right. The police executed the arrest warrant when he failed to show up for court.

Of a debt: The legal process used to collect money after a court has judged that it is owed. His money was seized because the sheriff had a writ of execution saying he owed $5,000.00. See Pledge.

Executive Council: ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔨᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦ: aulatsijikkut katimajingit: Conseil exécutif

The government leader and ministers when they meet together as a group. More commonly called the territorial cabinet. The Executive Council reviews all legislation before it is proposed in the legislative assembly. See Commissioner in Executive Council; Cabinet (Territorial).

Exemption: ᐱᖃᑕᐅᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ: piqatautsainnariaqangittuq: Exemption

Special permission not to do something that is required of others. All the players were expected to exercise twice a day, but the goalie got an exemption because of his injured back.

Exercise: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᒻᒥᑦ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᖅ: pijunnaummit aturniq: Exercer

To use a right, authority or to take on opportunity. He decided to exercise his option to buy the car.

Expeditious: ᓱᒃᑲᓕᔪᖅ: sukkalijuq: Expéditif

Quickly, promptly, as fast as can be arranged. Please arrange for the groceries to be sent as expeditiously as possible.

Express: ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᔪᖅ: nalunaiqsijuq: Explicite

Clearly and specifically stated. The opposite of implicit or implied. When they made their hotel reservation they made an express request for a crib.

Expressly Provided: ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᑦᓯᐊᖅᑐᖅ: nalunairsitsiaqtuq: Expressément fourni, expliqué

The doctor's instructions expressly provided what should be done if the child had more pain. See Express.

Expropriate: ᐊᖅᓵᖅᓯᓂᖅ: aqsaaqsiniq: Exproprier

When a government or government agency takes away the land or other property of an individual, to use it for a public purpose. In order to build the new runway, the government expropriated three houses near the airport.

Extinguishment: ᓴᒃᑯᐃᓂᖅ/ᓄᖑᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ (ᑕᐅᖅᓰᓂᖅ): sakkuiniq/nungutitsiniq (tauqsiiniq): Extinction

The legal process used by an aboriginal group to give up any and all their general or undefined aboriginal rights to land in return for the rights contained in a claims agreement. The greatest price of the claim was the extinguishment clause.

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F

Family: ᓂᕐᔪᑏᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᓂᖏᑦ: nirjutiit ajjigiiningit: Famille

A scientific grouping of similar types of animals. Caribou, moose and elk are all members of the deer family.

Fauna: ᓂᕐᔪᑏᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᑦ: nirjutiit najugangit: Faune

The animal life in an area. By the end of the day we had seen examples of most of the local fauna.

Fee Simple: ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓲᑎᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ: nunaqutiminnik isumaqsuutiqarunnarniq: En fief simple

A form of land ownership, which gives the owner all possible control over the land, and lets him/her decide what can or cannot be done with it. Fee simple lands can still be taxed, regulated or expropriated (taken over) by government, but all other rights and controls over the land and its use belong to the owner. Most lands in the Eastern Arctic are leasehold lands, but a few long-time owners such as the churches and the Bay have fee simple ownership.

Fee Simple, Saving And Excepting The Mines And Minerals: ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓲᑎᖃᕋᓗᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ, ᐅᔭᕋᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖁᑎᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᔭᕋᓐᓂᐊᕐᑎᑦᓯᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᕐᒥᒃ: nunaqutiminnik isumaqsuutiqaraluarlutik, ujaranniarvilinnik ujaranniartitsiniarmangaarmik: En fief simple, à l'exclusion des mines et des minéraux

This is the most common form of ownership in southern Canada. The owners have complete control, unless mines or minerals are found on the land. Then the land owners and the mineral owners will have to make an agreement to allowing access to the mine owner. Inuit lands under the Nunavut Agreement may be fee simple or fee simple, saving and excepting the mines and minerals.

Ferae Naturae: ᓄᔪᐊᖅᑕᑦ ᓂᕐᔪᑏᑦ: nujuaqtat nirjutiit: Animaux sauvages

Wild animals. Those animals which belong to no one. This is judged by the fact that wild animals, unlike dogs or cats, do not return to a person when let free. Some foxes are tame, but this one was ferae naturae.

Final Agreement: ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎ ᑭᖑᓪᓕᕐ'ᐸ (ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᒻᒪᕆᒃ): angqatigiiguti kingulliqpaaq (angiqatigiigutimmarik): Entente finale

The changed, approved or completed version of an agreement. The final agreement contained clauses which the original memorandum did not include.

Final Domestic Demand Implicit Price Index: ᐃᓅᔾᔪᑎ: inuujjuti: Indice implicite de prix de la demande intérieure finale

A number used to describe changes in the cost of living. The index is produced by the government. The number goes up as prices increase or there is inflation. The number goes down if prices fall or there is deflation.

First Nation: ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑎᒥᖁᑎᖏᑦ: nunaqaqqaaqsimajut timiqutingit: Premières nations

Used in Canada to define aboriginal nations or peoples, especially regarding political and social rights. Usually refers to Indian nations, but may also include Métis and Inuit. First Nations had an inherent right to self government. See Nation.

Flora: ᐱᕈᕐᑐᑦ: pirurtut: Flore

All the plant life in an area. The flora on the south side of the hill were completely different from what we had found on the cliffs.

For Cause: ᒪᓕᒐᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᒪᓕᒃᓯᐊᕐᑐᑦ ᑕᕝᕙᓐᖓᑲᓪᓛᖅᓯᒪᒐᓂ: maligartigut malitsiartut tavvanngakallaaqsimagani: Pour un motif déterminé

For a good reason, not based on personal opinions or quick decisions. Cause usually involves improper behaviour. The board members are appointed for 10 years, but can be removed for cause.

Foreshore: ᑎᓂᓐᓂᖅ: tininniq: Estran

The area between the high water mark and the lowest tide. The federal government always claims the first 10 feet from the foreshore.

Formulate: ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓱᐃᓂᖅ: aaqqitsuiniq: Formuler

Create, put together, prepare. The committee was asked to formulate a response to the Minister's question.

Forthwith Upon: ᑭᖑᓂᑦᓯᐊᑯᓗᐊᒍᑦ: kingunitsiakuluagut: Sur le champ

As soon as, immediately after another event happens. The Bank will pay out the cash forthwith upon presentation of the cheque or money order.

Freehold: ᓇᒻᒥᓂᕆᓕᐅᑎᔭᖅ: namminiriliutijaq: Franche tenure

Land ownership in the fee simple form. All the church lands are freehold. See Fee Simple.

Friendship Treaty: ᐊᑭᕋᕐᑐᖅᑕᐃᓕᒍᑏᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ: akirartuqtailigutiit angiqatigiinnikkut: Traité d'amitié

A treaty made between the Crown (the King or Queen) and First Nations, often in Eastern Canada. Indian nations argue that these treaties dealt with trade, permission to cross their land, and wartime partnerships, but did not give up the land.

From Time To Time: ᐃᓛᓐᓂᓚᐅᓱᖓᒃᑯᑦ: ilaannilausungakkut: De temps à autre

Now and then, once in a while, but not on a regular basis. My children go skating from time to time, but my sister takes her family every day.

Full Level Of Needs: ᐃᓅᓇᓱᐊᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᑭᓪᓕᖃᕐᑎᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᒃᑯᑦ: inuunasuarutiqarniq killiqartitaunngittukkut: Ensemble des besoins

See Needs, Full Level of.

Function: ᐊᐅᓚᓂᖅ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᕐᓯᔾᔪᑎᖃᕐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᕈᓘᔭᕐᓂᖅ: aulaniq uvvaluunniit ilisarsijjutiqarningmut katiruluujarniq: Fonction

1. Purpose or reason for existing. The function of the Board includes its responsibility for controlling animal pests.
2. To operate or get work done. She cannot function until she gets her morning coffee.
3. An official social activity. The college held a function in honour of their graduation.

Fund: ᑮᓇᐅᔭᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᑖᑦᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: kiinaujat uvvaluunniit kiinaujartaattitsiniq: Fonds/Financer

1. An account or source of money to be used for a particular purpose. The coffee fund was also used to buy birthday cakes.
2. To pay or contribute money for a particular purpose. The gas station agreed to fund the hockey team's trip to the Arctic Winter Games.

Furbearers: ᒥᖅᑯᓖᑦ: miqquliit: Animaux à fourrure

Animals which can be trapped so their fur can be sold. Squirrels, rabbits, foxes, wolves, otters, wolverines, lynxes, muskrats, bears, skunks, lemmings, voles and ground hogs are furbearers. The complete listing of furbearers is in Schedule 5-1. The right to take furbearers was limited to the owner of the registered trap line.

Further To: ᐃᓚᓪᓗᒍ . . .: ilallugu . . .: Suite à

Giving more information on the topic. Further to our telephone conversation of yesterday, I advise you that we no longer need the apartment after the first of May.

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G

Geothermal Resource: ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᑭᐊᖓᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᒻᒥᓐᓂᐅᔪᑦ: nunaup ikianganik akimminniujut: Ressource géothermique

Hot water or other heat, or heated substances coming from hot springs, from the earth, from volcanoes or other underground activities. Iceland heats many of its cities using its geothermal resources.

Good Behavior: ᐱᓇᓱᐊᖅᑎᐊᖅᑐᒥᓂᐅᓂᖓᓄᑦ/ᐱᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᒥᓂᐅᓂᖓᓄᑦ: pinasuaqtiaqtuminiuninganut/pitsiartuminiuninganut: Bonne conduite

Used in appointing people to a position. This means the person who is appointed can only be removed for improper activities. The person can not be removed just because he says things that others don't like. In an important position, this provides security so the person can make difficult decisions and oppose the government if required. In Canada, judges are appointed during good behavior until age 65 or 75 and can only be removed by a legislature or parliament.

Good Faith (To Negotiate In): ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᒪᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᑯᒧᑦ: angiqatigiigumatsiarnijumut: Négocier de bonne foi

With the real wish to reach an agreement or achieve the goal. Without a second or hidden goal which would prevent agreement. The employer was anxious to get the workers back on the job. There was no question he was negotiating in good faith. See Bad Faith.

Government Agencies: ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᑭᒡᒐᑐᐃᔨᖏᑦ: gavamakkut kiggatuijingit: Agences gouvernementales

Departments of government, crown corporations, and organizations carrying out government policies or programs. The year end for government agencies is March 31 of each year.

Government, Appropriate: ᒐᕙᒪᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᖅᑎᑕᑦ: gavamagijaujut pijunnarniqaqtitat: Gouvernement approprié

The government which presently or rightly is responsible for a particular issue or program area. The appropriate government will sometimes be municipal, sometimes territorial or federal. Any requirement to clean up a toxic waste site shall be directed to the appropriate government. See Division of Powers.

Government Personnel: ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᑎᖏᑦ: gavamakkut iqqanaijartingit: Employés gouvernementaux

Members of the public service and government employees. For The Nunavut Agreement this may also include Housing Corporation employees and municipal employees. Government personnel were warned about private use of departmental vehicles.

Government Undertaking: ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᖅ: gavamakkunnut aulatauniartuq: Entreprise gouvernementale

A project, program or development sponsored by government. The Speech from the Throne promised a major government undertaking in each region during the year.

Governor In Council: ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᖏᑦᑕ ᑭᒡᒐᑐᖅᑎᖓᑦ: gavamatuqakkut katimajingitta kiggaqtuqtingat: Gouverneur en conseil

This is the formal name for the federal Cabinet, according to laws and regulations of the federal Cabinet. The appointment as a federal judge was made by the Governor in Council. See Commissioner in Executive Council; Cabinet, Federal.

Guaranteed Annual Income: ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑕᒫᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔾᔭᒃᓵᖑᐃᓐᓇᓕᕋᔭᕐᑐᑦ: arraagutamaat kiinaujjaksaanguinnalirajartut: Revenu annuel garanti

A government program which would replace all the welfare, job support, unemployment, family allowance, GST refund and other similar payments, and pay people a single guaranteed yearly payment. This is supposed to reduce paperwork, save time and money for many Canadians. The program has been discussed for many years, but has never been put into action. The Committee felt that Canada Pension should not be included in a scheme for guaranteed annual income, as people had paid for and earned their Canada pension.

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H

Habitat: ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᔪᒐᖏᑦ: uumajut najugangit: Habitat

The location where living things exist, give birth, grow or eat. This wetland is excellent duck habitat.

Harvest: ᐊᖑᓇᓱᓐᓂᖅ: angunasunniq: Récolte

Hunting, fishing, trapping, gathering, netting, capturing, collecting or any other process used to collect animals, food, plants or other useful items from the land. The community relied on the harvest for 65% of the food and on the store for the remaining 35%.

Harvest, Method of: ᐊᖑᓇᓲᓰᑦ: angunasuusiit: Méthode de récolte

The way, procedure or process used to collect food from the land. The approved methods of harvest for char include: net, rod and reel, and in traditional areas, kakivak.

Harvest, Priority: ᐊᖑᓇᓱᖅᑳᕈᓐᓇᕐᑎᑕᐅᔪᑦ: angunasuqqaarunnartitaujut: Récolte prioritaire

Where a harvest is limited, there is then an allocation of the harvest, based on the priorities. The priorities determine which is the most important use and what kinds of hunting will first be restricted. The aboriginal food fishery is the priority harvest.

Harvest, Total Allowable: ᑲᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ: katillugit angunasuktaujunnartut: Récolte totale permise

The number of any species which may be harvested in one year. This may be for a region or for an area or community. The total allowable harvest for the Baffin Region was set by the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board.

Harvesting Rights: ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒍᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ, ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ: angunasugunnautiit, pijunnautiit: Droits de récolte

The right (legally-recognized opportunity) to harvest, including all forms of harvest, hunting, fishing, trapping and gathering. The HTO can confer and restrict harvesting rights. See Benefit, Right.

Harvesting Rights, Priorities And Privileges: ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒍᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔾᔭᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑕᐅᑲᐃᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ: angunasugunnautiit, sivulliujjaugialiit ammalu pijunnautaukainnartut: Droits de récolte, priorités et privilèges

All opportunities for harvesting, whether they are rights (which cannot be taken away) or priorities (being first in line for the chance to harvest) or privileges (opportunities which are given only for a certain length of time). Only the Nunavut Wildlife Board can make changes to harvesting rights, priorities and privileges.

Heirs, Descendants And Successors: ᕿᒪᐃᕕᐅᔪᒃᓴᒫᑦ, ᑭᖑᕚᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓇᖐᔨᒃᓴᐃᑦ: qimaiviujuksamaat, kinguvaat amma inangiijiksait: Héritiers, descendants et successeurs

All those people who will inherit (heirs) from, who are the children (descendants) of, or the people who will take the place (successors) of, the current owner, office holder or beneficiary. This agreement is binding on the beneficiaries and their heirs, descendants and successors.

Hereafter: ᑖᒃᑯᐊ/ᑖᑦᓱᒪ ᑭᖑᓂᐊᒍᑦ: taakkua/taatsuma kinguniagut: Ci-après

1. In the following parts of this document. The glossary for the letters "i", "j" and "k" are set out hereafter.
2. From this time forward. Hereafter, all employees must apply for leave in writing, as too many absences were undocumented under the old system.

Hereto: ᑕᑦᓱᒧᖓ: taatsumunga: Ci-joint

To this document. The timetable attached hereto.

Hereunto: ᑕᕝᕙᓃᒃᑐᑦ: tavvaniittut: Tel qu'indiqué

As described or set out in this document. Any person wishing to obtain a licence to explore for minerals must meet the qualifications hereunto provided.

Her Majesty In Right Of Canada: ᑯᐃᓐ ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᖅᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑲᓇᑕᒧᑦ: kuin kiggaqtuqtaulluni kanatamut: Sa Majesté la Reine du chef du Canada

See Crown in Right of Canada.

Hitherto: ᓯᕗᓂᐊᒍᑦ: sivuniagut: Auparavant

Before now, earlier. These machines were hitherto unknown in the Western world.

Hold Office: ᓂᕈᐊᕐᑕᐅᕕᒋᓯᒪᔭᖅ/ᑎᓕᔭᐅᕕᒋᓯᒪᔭᖅ: niruartauvigisimajaq/tilijauvigisimajaq: Exercer des fonctions

Have an elected or appointed position which is responsible for giving direction to an organization. The qualifications to hold office were set out in the Association by-laws.

Howsoever: ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ (ᖃᓄᑐᐃᓐᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ): taimaikaluartillugu (qanutuinnatsiaq): De toutes manières

In any way or by any means. No teacher may accept money from a pupil for doing their job, howsoever the money may be offered.

HTO (Hunters and Trappers Organization): ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑏᑦ ᒥᑭᒋᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᑏᓪᓗ ᑲᑐᑦᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ: angunasuktiit mikigiarniartiillu katujjiqatigiingit: OCT (Organisation de chasseurs et de trappeurs)

A community level organization which, as part of the land claim, replaces the Hunters and Trappers' Association. The HTO has new powers and abilities as a result of the land claim. As President of the HTO, he was asked to attend the regional wildlife meetings.

Humane Killing: ᒥᐊᓂᖅᓯᑦᓯᐊᕐᓗᓂ ᐆᒪᔪᕋᓱᓐᓂᖅ (ᑕᒪᐅᖓᑐᐃᓐᓈᑦᑕᐃᓕᓂᖅ): mianiqsitsiarluni uumajurasunniq (tamaungatuinnaatailiniq): Abattage sans cruauté

A concept arising from the animal rights movement. A quick, clean kill without waste or excess. The European Parliament had limited fur imports into their countries to those of animals killed through humane killing methods.

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I

If Any/Any: ᐱᑕᖃᖃᑦ: pitaqaqat: Le cas échéant

The phrase is used to make a rule or agreement on an issue in such a way that people involved in the agreement don't have to admit that the issue may come up.

IIBA (Inuit Impact And Benefit Agreement): ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᖅᑖᕈᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑏᑦ: inuit aktuqtauniarninginnut ikajuusiaqtaarunautinginnullu angirutiit: ERAI (Entente sur les répercussions et les avantages pour les Inuit)

See Inuit Impact and Benefit Agreement.

Impact: ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖅ: aktuqtauniq: Répercussions

The effects, results and consequences: both the good and the bad- of any activity. The tourists were permitted to visit the nesting site only after they had agreed to control garbage, noise and other impacts.

Impact Review Process: ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᖃᕐᓂᖅᐸᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᔾᔪᓯᐅᒐᔭᕐᑐᑦ: aktuqtaujuqarniqpat qimirujjusiugajartut: Processus d'examen des répercussions

Formal process set out in the Land Claims Agreement, used to identify and measure the possible effects of a proposed development project. Due to the issue of water use, the proposed development project was referred to an impact review process.

Impede: ᐊᑲᐃᓪᓕᐅᕈᑎᑦ: akailliurutit: Empêcher

To cause trouble or get in the way. The parked boat may impede the water truck.

Impedement: ᐊᕝᕕᐊᕈᑎᑦ: avviarutit: Empêchement

Something which impedes something else. The lack of land was the major impedement to building a new community hall.

Implement: ᐊᑐᓕᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: atuliqtitsiniq: Mettre en oeuvre

To organize, arrange and put in place. It will take time to implement the agreement.

Implicit: ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓱᒋᑦᓯᓂᖅ: qaujimasugitsiniq: Implicite

A part of an agreement or understanding that is understood and doesn't need to be said. Something which is not written into the agreement because it is basic and obvious. The opposite of explicit. The right to own and use a gun is implicit in the right to hunt.

Imply: ᑐᓴᖏᐊᓴᒃᑐᖅ: tusangiasaktuq: Sous-entendre

To suggest, require or refer to without actually saying. Using trucks implies heavy wear on the roads. See Implicit.

Impose: ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑲᐅᓯᕈᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᑕᐅᔪᖅ: angijuqqausirutaulluni aaqqittaujuq: Imposé

To do something without the agreement or knowledge of those involved. The government imposed a new tax on air travel just before they left on vacation.

In Accordance (With): ᒪᓕᒃᑐᒍ: maliktugu: Conformément

As provided by, in the way described or required. The by-law was passed in accordance with the Municipal Act.

Incidental: ᐱᖃᑕᐅᒃᓴᐃᓇᕆᐊᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ: piqatauksainnariaqanngittuq: Fortuit

Not essential. Of little importance. Not causing or responsible for the event. Her visit to the museum was incidental to the fire later in the day.

Income Support: ᑮᓇᐅᔭᒃᓵᖑᕙᒃᑐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᑏᑦ: kiinaujjaksaanguvaktunut ikajuutiit: Supplément du revenu

Income from government or community programs which adds to earned income to allow someone to continue in their work. The community was very interested in income support programs for hunters.

Incompatible/Incompatibility: ᑲᑎᓕᕈᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᑦ: katilirunnangittut: Incompatible/Incompatibilité

In conflict or contradiction. Unable to get along together for basic and fundamental reasons. In conflict. Throat singing and eating at the same time are incompatible. The screw driver had three different heads but each one was incompatible with the screw.

Inconsistent: ᐊᔾᔨᒌᓐᖏᔭᑦᑐᑦ: ajjigiinngijattut: Contradictoire/Inconsistant

Two objects, rules or organizations saying, acting or doing contradictory or opposite things. The decision to pay employees a housing allowance was inconsistent with the move to private market housing.

Inconsistent use: ᐊᑦᔨᒌᓕᕈᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᒃᓴᐅᓂᖓ: ajjigiilirunnangittuq atuqtaujutsauninga: Utilisation inconsistante

Land use which is not part of the planned use. Land use which prevents alternate uses of that land. Mining is an inconsistent use on lands identified for tourism.

Indemnify And Save Forever Harmless: ᓇᓪᓕᐅᒃᑯᒫᖃᕐᓂᐊᖅᐳᑦ ᓴᐳᔾᔨᓂᐊᕐᓂᕋᕐᑐᑎᓪᓗ ᐸᓯᔭᒃᓴᐅᔪᓐᓇᖏᓐᓂᕋᐃᓗᑎᒃ: nalliukumaaqarniaqput sapujjiniarnirartutillu pasijaksaujunnanginnirailutik: Tenir indemne et à couvert

To agree to be responsible and pay any damages for any legal actions which may happen in the future. To agree not to ask for another person or organization to share that legal responsibility. The outfitter agreed to indemnify and save forever harmless the HTO in the event that either of them were sued by polar bear hunters.

Indemnity: ᐸᓯᔭᐅᔾᔭᐃᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᑯᒫᖅ: pasijaujjaikkut nalliukumaaq: Compensation/Indemnité

An agreement to indemnify. The government insisted on an indemnity clause in the contract with the Young Offenders Group Home. The Town signed an indemnity when it agreed to deliver social services.

Index: ᐊᑕᔪᖅ-ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᓯᖅᓱᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ: atajuq nalunaikkusiqsuqsimajuq: Indexé

1. Tied to or related to another economic indicator. A pension indexed to inflation means that the pension will increase based on the inflation rate. The settlement allowance was indexed to the cost of food, clothing and shelter in northern communities.
2. Compiled into an index or listing by subject, author's name or another basis. The photography collection was indexed by date, place and photographer.

Indians, Non-Status: ᐊᓪᓚᑦ, ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᔾᔪᑎᖃᕈᓐᓃᕐᑐᑦ: allat, ilisarijaujjutiqarunniirtut: Indiens sans statut

Indian people who were removed from the lists kept by the Government of Canada and made into legal "non-Indians" despite their culture, race or family ties. Indian people who were never included in these lists for historic or accidental reasons. Non-status Indians find it very difficult to get housing on reserves.

Indians, Status: ᐊᓪᓚᑦ, ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᔾᔪᑎᓖᑦ: allat, ilisarijaujjutiliit: Indiens avec statut

Indian people whose names are on the list maintained by the Government of Canada, recognized as having treaty and other rights. Status Indians are eligible for extended health care benefits.

Informality: ᐱᑐᐃᓐᓇᖅ (ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐊᓘᖏᑦᑐᖅ): pituinnaq (pimmarialuungittuq): Simplicité

Without complicated rules and ceremonies. Without all the usual legal papers, rules and signatures. The Inquiry accepted the statement, despite the informality of its presentation.

Infrastructure: ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᑦ ᑐᓐᖓᕕᖏᑦ (ᐃᓗᓕᖏᑦ): pilirianguvaktut tungavingit (ilulingit): Infrastructure

The supporting structures for a development. The physical infrastructure for a town includes buildings, roads, water, sewage system and electricity. The economic infrastructure for a town includes banking, stores, office space, rental housing and shipping facilities. The social infrastructure includes day cares, schools, health care, community recreation and churches. The addition of 50 new government jobs put heavy demands on the physical infrastructure of the community.

Initial: ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐸᖅ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᑎᖓᑕ ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᖓ: sivulliqpaaq uvvaluunniit atingata pigiangarninga: Initial/Initiale/Parafer

1. First or original. His initial reaction was anger, but then he felt a sense of relief.
2. The first letter of a word, for example, the first letters of a person's name, as a shortened signature. The land lease had his initials on the bottom of each page.
3. To show agreement to recommend a document by signing using initials only. The preliminary agreement was initialled by negociators.

In Particular: ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ: piluaqtumik: En particulier

Specifically, especially or particularly. The phrase identifies the issue or example of primary concern. The control of dogs, in particular sled dogs, was discussed by council.

In Particular, But Without Limiting The Generality Of The Foregoing: ᐱᓗᐊᖅᑐᒥᒃ, ᑭᓯᐊᓂ ᑭᑭᑕᐅᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᑐᑎᒃ/ᐊᑦᔨᒌᖏᑦᑐᕈᓘᔭᐃᑦ: piluaqtumik, kisiani kikitaungikaluartutik/atjigiingitturuluujait: En particulier, mais sans pour autant limiter la généralité de ce qui précède

This legal phrase is used to identify a general category (i.e., dogs) and then the specific issue of concern (sled dogs). It makes clear that there may be other, un-named issues (i.e., seeing-eye dogs, stray dogs or other types) which are to be included in the general category. The hamlet may make bylaws in relation to dogs in the community, in particular, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, sled dogs.

In perpetuity: ᐃᓱᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᒧᑦ: isuqanngittumut: À perpétuité

For ever and ever. These lands will be used as a park in perpetuity.

In situ: ᐃᓂᒋᔭᖓᓃᒃᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ: inigijanganiiktillugit: Sur place

On or at the current location. The ambulance drivers had to treat the injured in situ until they could be moved.

Instrument: ᑎᑎᖅᑲᖅ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᓕᕐᓯᒪᔪᖅ: titiqqaq maligartigut ilisarijaulirsimajuq: Instrument

1. A document which not only records but actually creates a legal effect, when properly signed. Some examples of legal instruments include documents which transfer ownership (transfer instruments), consent to guardianship, or create the gifts in a will (testamentary instruments). A land transfer document is a legal instrument.
2. General term for a tool or other thing used to perform an action. The boys used pots and spoons as musical instruments.

Integral: ᐊᑐᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᖅ/ᓴᓂᖅᑯᕝᕕᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ: atullarittuq/saniqquvviqangittuq: Intégrant

Essential, important or at the heart of the matter. Unable to be separated. Land is integral to Inuit culture.

Inter Alia: ᐊᓯᖏᓪᓗ: asingillu: Entre autres

Among other things (Latin). This is used with a list to explain that the list is not complete and contains only some examples. This funding is designed for community organizations, inter alia, societies, co-operatives and schools.

Interest: ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᕐᓂᖅ: namminiqarniq: Intérêt

1. A legal relationship, usually a form of ownership. The word interest is used in a general way when the specific type of relationship or ownership is not known or not particularly relevant. Joseph has an interest in that company. All beneficiaries have an interest in settlement lands.
2. Curiosity, concern or desire to know about something.
3. The cost of borrowing money, usually stated as a percentage per year (per annum). The interest rate rose to 9%.

Interest Holder: ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᖃᑕᐅᔪᑦ: namminiqaqataujut: Détenteur d'intérêt

A person or group with a legal interest. One of several people affected or interested in a piece of land, a project or proposal. At the environmental hearings there were three main interestholders: the mines, the community representatives and the environmental groups. See Shareholder, Stakeholder.

Interest, Less Than Fee Simple: ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᕐᓂᖅ, ᑭᓪᓕᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓲᑎᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖕᒥᑦ: namminiqarniq, killiqaqtitaulluni isumaqsuutiqarunnarningmit: Droit foncier inférieur au fief simple

A limited form of legal ownership of land. A leasehold interest is an interest less than fee simple. See Fee Simple.

Interest, National: ᑲᓇᑕᓕᒫᖅ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ: kanataaq pijjutigillugu: Intérêt national

That which is good for Canada, usually as represented by the Federal government. Something which improves conditions for the Canadian people, generally. The basis of the national interest is that Canadians may be asked individually to give up something for the greater good of the country as a whole. Would the national interest be better served by a new dam which creates electricity and employment or by conserving the lands in their natural state?

Interest, National Security: ᑲᓇᑕᓕᒫ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ: kanatalimaaq pijjutigillugu sapujjiniq: Intérêt de sécurité nationale

The interest of Canadians in protecting the country from war or other dangers. Used to explain the need for military resources, secrecy and training exercises. The basis of national security interest is that Canadians may be asked to give up something individually for the greater good of preserving the country. Access for three miles around the army base was restricted due to national security interests.

Interest, Overriding National: ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᕐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᖃᑕᐅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ ᑲᓇᑕᓕᒫᒧᑦ ᑐᕌᖓᓂᐊᕐᑐᓄᑦ: pijjutiqarningmut piqatautitauniq, kanatalimaamut turaanganiartunit: Intérêt suprême de la nation

Where the needs of Canadians as a whole are serious enough that regional, local or individual interests may have to suffer. In times of war the right of free speech gives way to the overriding national interest in protecting military secrecy. See Interest, National.

Interest, Public: ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ: kikkutuinnait pijjutigillugit: Intérêt public

The needs of the public, the general good of the community, even if it causes trouble for or affects some people. Some children react to vaccinations, but it is in the public interest to protect all children against serious diseases.

Interim: ᐱᑲᐃᓐᓇᖅ: pikainnaq: Intérim

Temporary, while things are getting started or until a final decision is made. Until there could be an election, the Vice President agreed to stand in as Interim President.

Interjurisdictional Agreements: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᐅᖅᑐᒡᒍᑎᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᒥᓐᓂᓄᒃ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᑦ: pijunnarniqauqtuggutinut aulataminnik angiqatigiigutit: Ententes interjuridictions

Agreements between provinces and territories or between two independent authorities who wish to cooperate. There are interjurisdictional agreements to protect children against kidnapping.

International: ᓄᓇᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᐅᖑᖃᑎᒌᑦ: nunalirjuarmiunguqatigiit: International

Between countries. The Arctic Winter Games are an international event with teams from Canada, Greenland, Russia and the United States.

Interpretation: ᑐᑭᓕᐅᕆᓂᖅ: tukiliuriniq: Interprétation

1. A ruling or decision as to the proper meaning of words or phrases. The specific meaning of the words in a particular situation. The employees asked for an interpretation to clarify if benefits for "children" included grandchildren and foster children.
2. The process which changes statements from one language into another language. The assembly had Inuktitut-English simultaneous interpretation.

Intervenors: ᐅᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᕕᖃᕈᒪᓯᒪᔪᑦ: uqarunnarviqarumasimajut: Intervenants

1. In a court case: people or groups who ask the court for standing or permission to comment on and become part of a court case. The intervenors are not the applicants or petitioners or plaintiffs or appellants (those who start the case). They are not the defendants or respondents (those on the other side of the case). The Intervenors ask to participate in someone else's case because they feel their interests may be affected by the outcome of the case. The Baffin Regional Inuit Association asked for standing as an Intervenor in an aboriginal fishing rights case involving Inuvialuit fishermen.
2. In environmental or public hearings, people or groups that take part in the hearings, but who are not the proponents or applicants (the ones asking for the project). The intervenors wish to comment or raise questions about the application or proposal being made. The Inuit Tapirisat were given standing as intervenors at the Arctic Pilot Project hearings. See Proponent.

Intra Vires: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᕐᕕᖏᑦᑕ ᐃᓗᐊᓂ: pijunnarniqarvingitta iluani: Intra vires

Within the authority or jurisdiction to make laws or take action. A dog by-law is intra vires the municipality. See Ultra Vires.

Inuit Firm: ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖁᑎᖏᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕖᑦ: inuit namminiqutingit pilirivviit: Firme inuit

A business with at least 51% Inuit control registered to carry on business in the Nunavut Area. (Article 24-Government Contracts). Inuit Firms are entitled to special contract considerations in Nunavut.

Inuit Impact And Benefit Agreement (IIBA): ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐊᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᑲᔫᓯᐊᖅᑖᕈᓐᓇᐅᑎᖏᓐᓄᓪᓗ ᐊᖏᕈᑏᑦ: inuit aktuqtauniarninginnut ikajuusiaqtaarunautinginnullu angirutiit: Entente sur les répercussions et les avantages pour les Inuit (ERAI)

An agreement which must be negotiated between Inuit organizations and developers of waterpower, mines, oil or gas in Nunavut before the development is put in place. These agreements are also used to establish parks and conservation areas. The mine announced plans to begin commercial production only after the IIBA had been negotiated and signed.

Inuit Law: ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐱᖁᔭᖁᑎᖏᑦ: inuit piqujaqutingit: Loi inuit

Customary or traditional Inuit rules of social and inter-personal conduct. Laws of the Inuit as demonstrated through continued use. The court was invited to consider the Inuit law of land ownership.

Inuvialuit: ᐃᓄᕕᐊᓗᐃᑦ: inuvialuit: Inuvialuit

Inuit from the Canadian Western Arctic. Inuit from those communities covered by the COPE (Committee for Original People's Entitlement) Land Claim (Tuktoyaktuk, Aklavik, Inuvik, Sachs Harbour, Paulatuk, and Holman Island). The Inuvialuit claim was settled in 1984.

Invalid/Invalidity: ᐊᑑᑎᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ: atuutiqangittuq: Invalide/Invalidité

Not good. Of no value or use. The credit card had expired and was invalid for purchases.

Irrevocable: ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕈᓐᓇᐃᓕᔪᖅ ᐅᑎᖅᑎᒐᒃᓴᐅᔪᓐᓃᕐᑐᓂᓗ: asijjirunnailijuq utiqtigaksaujunniirtunilu: Irrévocable

Cannot be changed or taken back. His decision to cross the river became irrevocable once the spring waters carried away the ice. See Revocable.

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J

Joint And Several: ᑲᑐᔾᔨᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᒥᒃᑰᓕᖓᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᓱᐃᒋᐊᓖᑦ: katujjinikkut immikkuulingajunik akiliqsuigialiit: Conjoint et solidaire

Together and separately. Usually used to describe liability or responsibility. When two people are liable jointly and severally to repay a loan it means that either could be asked to repay the whole loan or part of it. As a result of their joint and several liability, the partners were each sued for $20,000.00, but it was the younger partner who ended up repaying the entire amount.

Judicial Review: ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ: iqqaqtuivikkut qaujisarniq: Examen judiciaire

A process where the decision of an official, a board or an agency is taken to a court for review. A judge will then consider how the decision was made. The judge will look for proper procedure, fairness, equal treatment of all those involved and natural justice. If the judge finds that the decision was made in an unfair way, it will be sent back for someone else to do properly. The ratepayers asked for a judicial review because the applicant's brother was on the Land Use Planning Board.

Jurisdiction: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᕐᕕᒋᔭᖓ: pijunnarniqarvigijanga: Juridiction

Area of authority. Jurisdiction could be physical: within a particular territory or province. Jurisdiction could be legal within the authority of a particular court or government agency. The jurisdiction of Territorial court is only for the Northwest Territories. However, Territorial court does not have the jurisdiction to hear first degree murder cases, even if they happen in the NWT.

Just And Equitable: ᒪᓕᑦᓯᐊᕆᐊᓕᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᐃᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐃᓚᐃᓐᓈᖅᑕᐃᓕᒋᐊᖃᕐᑐᑎᒃ: malitsiarialit maligait iliqqusinginnik ammalu ilainnaaqtailigiaqartutik: Juste et équitable

According to legal rules and the basic rules of fairness. At one time there were separate courts for justice (based on the strict rules and requirements of the law) and for equity (based on a fair and balanced resolution to a problem). Today superior courts are entitled to apply both sets of rules: to follow the technical rules and to respond to human fairness. It is both just and equitable to allow parents.

Just Cause: ᐱᔾᔪᑎᖃᑦᓯᐊᕐᑐᓂ: pijjutiqatsiartuni: Motif valable

For a good and valid reason. The phrase is usually used in employment disputes. The employer who wishes to fire an employee must give notice or pay in place of notice or show just cause. An employer has just cause to fire an employee who steals, lies about their qualifications or refuses to work.

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Land, Crown: ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᒐᕙᒪᖓᑕ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖓ: kanataup gavamangata nunaqutinga: Terres de la Couronne

Lands owned by the Government. In the NWT, Crown lands, along with the mines, minerals, oil and gas found on those lands, are owned by the Federal government. In the past there has been a general aboriginal right to hunt on Crown lands.

Land, Encumbered: ᓄᓇᖁᑎᑖᕋᓱᓐᓂᖅ: nunaqutitaarasunniq: Terrain grevé

Land against which someone has registered a claim. The land was encumbered with a mortgage.

Land, Fee Simple: ᓄᓇ, ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓲᑎᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ: nuna, nunaqutiminnik isumaqsuutiqarunnarniq: En fief simple

Land held in the fee simple form. See Fee Simple.

Land, Fee Simple Saving And Excepting The Mines And Minerals: ᓄᓇ, ᓄᓇᖁᑎᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓲᑎᖃᕋᓗᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ, ᐅᔭᕋᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᖁᑎᓕᓐᓂᒃ ᐅᔭᕋᓐᓂᐊᕐᑎᑦᓯᓂᐊᕐᒪᖔᕐᒥᒃ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕐᑎᑦ: nuna, nunaqutiminnik isumaqsuutiqaraluarlutik, ujaranniartitsiniarmangaarmik isumaliurtit: En fief simple, à l'exclusion des mines et des minéraux

Land held in the fee simple form, except that the mineral rights may be owned by another person or company. See Fee Simple Saving and Excepting.

Land, Freehold: ᓄᓇ, ᐃᓱᒪᖅᓲᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ (ᑭᖑᕚᓄᓪᓗ ᕿᒪᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᓂ): nuna, isumaqsuutigijaujunnartuq (kinguvaanullu qimaktaujunnartuni): Franche tenure

Land held in the freehold form. See Freehold.

Land, Leasehold: ᓄᓇ, ᐊᑐᖅᑐᐊᖅᑕᐅᔪᖅ: nuna, atuqtuaqtaujuq: Tenure à bail

Land held in the leasehold form. See Leasehold.

Land, Municipal: ᓄᓇ, ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᖓᓐᓂ: nuna, nunaliit gavamanganni: Terrain municipal

Lands transferred or to be transferred to cities, towns, villages and hamlets in Nunavut as a result of the land claims agreement. All lands inside a Nunavut municipality, except those owed in fee simple by others. (Article 14: Municipal Lands). In order to grow, the town had to find a way to service municipal lands.

Land Claims Agreement: ᓄᓇᑖᕋᓱᐊᕐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑎᑦ: nunataarasuarnirmut angiqatigiigutit: Accord sur les revendications territoriales

Agreement between the Government of Canada and an aboriginal people, group or organization for the purpose of resolving disputes about land ownership. The agreement is based on aboriginal title and continuing entitlement. Land claims agreements are modern treaties and are protected by the Constitution Act of 1982 s. 35. The purpose of the negotiations was to reach a constitutionally protected land claims agreement.

Landfast Ice Zone: ᓯᑯ (ᑐᕙᖅ) ᓯᔾᔭᒥᒃ ᓯᓈᖓᓄᑦ: siku (tuvaq) sijjamik sinaanganut: Zone de la banquise côtière

That area where, during a normal winter, the ocean is frozen and the ice remains attached to the land. The area from the high tide mark to the floe edge. Wildlife laws apply in the land fast ice zone.

Land Reserved For Indians: ᐊᓪᓚᓄᑦ ᓄᓇᑦᓴᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ: allanut nunatsaliangusimajut: Terres réservées aux Indiens

Indian Reservations and other lands set aside by the government for aboriginal peoples. The Constitution Act (section 91(24)) gives the federal government jurisdiction over "Indians and lands reserved for Indians." In this particular phrase "Indians" includes Inuit.

Land Tenure: ᓄᓇ, ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖃᕈᓰᑦ: nuna, nunaqutiqarusiit: Régime foncier

A form or system of land ownership. In Greenland, the land tenure is very different from that in Denmark.

Land Use Planning: ᓄᓇᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔪᒃᓴᐅᓂᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᑦ: nunat atuqtaujuksauninginnut parnautit: Planification

A process of deciding what land uses might be permitted before any specific proposal is made. There is a need for land use planning long before a new enterprise makes a proposal.

Lapse: ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑐᖅ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓃᕐᑐᖅ: isulittuq uvvaluunniit aturunniirtuq: Devenir caduc

To become invalid after a certain period of time. Some rights will lapse if they are not used. The term is generally used for contracts rather than land rights. The offer to buy the house will lapse on March 31.

Latitude: ᓴᓂᒧᑦ, ᐊᓯᔾᔨᕐᑕᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ, ᑭᓪᓕᓐᖑᐊᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓴᓂᒧᑦ ᓯᓚᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥ: sanimut, asijjirtagunnarniq, killingualiangusimajut sanimut silarjuarmi: Latitude

1. Having freedom to act or speak in a variety of ways, not restricted to one specific way. To give latitude: to allow for some bending or adapting of the way things are usually done. The parents allowed the child some latitude in his bedtimes.
2. Imaginary lines running east to west around the world which are used, along with the lines of longitude, to divide the earth into squares. This makes it easier to navigate and to read maps. The equator has a latitude of 0 degrees; and the numbers increase toward the north pole (at 90 degrees north) and towards the south pole (at 90 degrees south). Except for Sanikiluaq, Nunavut will be located North of the 60th degree of latitude. See Longitude.

Law, Common: ᒪᓕᒐᑐᖃᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ: maligatuqait titiraqsimanngittut: Common Law

See Common Law.

Law, Statute: ᒪᓕᒐᑦ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᕐᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ: maligat katiqsurtausimajut titiraqsimallutik: Loi statutaire

See Statute Law.

Laws Of General Application: ᒪᓕᒐᑦ ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᓕᒫᑦᓯᐊᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᓖᑦ: maligat kikkutuinnalimaatsianut atuqtaujarialit: Lois d'application générale

Federal and territorial acts or municipal by-laws which must be followed by all people, Inuit and non-Inuit. Laws of general application also apply on Inuit lands.

Leasehold: ᓄᓇᒥᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᐊᕐᓂᖅ: nunamit atuqtuarniq: Tenure à bail

A form of land ownership that involves a lease or contract to use lands. The lease is an agreement which allows one person to use the property for a certain number of years (usually 20 or 30, but up to 99) before it returns to its original ownership. The leasehold owner was unhappy when the term of the lease was not renewed.

Legal Body: ᑎᒥᐅᔪᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ: timiujut maligartigut ilisarijausimajut: Entité légale

A person, company, co-operative, society, government, municipality, board or agency which can own property, have rights, make contracts and carry on business. Any legal body operating for profit must file income tax returns.

Legal Description: ᒪᓕᒐᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᓄᓇᐃᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᕐᑕᐅᔾᔪᓯᖏᑦ: maligartigut nunait nalunaijartaujjusingit: Description légale

A description of surveyed land, usually in the form of lot, block and plan numbers registered with the Land Titles Offices. The legal description on the contract must be an exact match with the legal description on the title.

Legal Disability: ᒪᓕᒐᕐᑎᒍᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ: maligartigut pijunnarniqaqtitaungittut: Incapacité

A legal restriction on the normal rights and abilities of a legal body to own property, make contracts and carry on business. Children have a legal disability to borrow money because of their age. Societies have a legal disability to carry on business, because they are supposed to work towards social, educational and cultural goals, not be a business. Other legal bodies may have other legal disabilities, depending on the legislation which created them. Children have a legal disability to vote.

Legislation: ᒪᓕᒐᖅ: maligaq: Législation

All laws passed by elected assemblies including Acts, Ordinances, By-laws and also including subordinate legislation such as regulations, ministerial orders and orders-in-council. There is new legislation requiring all people to wear helmets while driving four-wheelers.

Legislative Assembly: ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᕐᑏᑦ ᑲᑎᒪᔨᕐᔪᐊᖏᑦ: maligaliurtiit katimajirjuangit: Assemblée législative

The members elected to represent the people in a province or territory. The assembly gathers to discuss the business of the province or territory and pass laws for the good of the people. The legislative assembly includes the Premier or Government Leader, the Executive Council or Cabinet composed of ministers and the ordinary members. He was elected to the legislative assembly because he promised to lower taxes and increase benefits for everyone.

Leisure Hours: ᐃᑲᕐᕋᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᕐᓱᑲᐃᓇᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖏᑦ: ikarat isumarsukainarunnarningit isumainnaqqikainnarnait: Heures de loisirs

Spare time, time not on the job or taken up with personal or family responsibilities. He spent most of his leisure hours lying on the couch watching television.

Letters Patent: ᑎᑎᖅᑲᐃᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᒃᓴᓂᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᐃᓯᒪᔪᑦ: titiqqait maligarsanit nalunaijaisimajut: Lettres patentes

Documents issued which set out the rules for a company or other legal body.

Letters patent are no longer used for incorporations, but some churches, charities and major companies still have letters patent.

Levy: ᐊᑭᑦᑐᕆᐊᕈᑎᑦ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᑕᐅᔭᕆᐊᓕᑦ (ᑖᒃᓯᑎᑐᑦ): akitturiarutit akiliqtaujarialit (taksititut): Percevoir

A way of raising money, a form of tax, a requirement to pay. There will be a new levy on cigarettes.

Liable/Liability: ᐸᓯᔭᒃᓴᖅ/ᐊᑭᓖᒋᐊᓕᒃ: pasijaksaq/akiliigialik: Responsable/Responsabilité

Legal responsibility when there is damage or a loss. The town will be liable if a water truck runs into a house.

Liability, Absolute: ᐸᓯᔭᐅᓐᖏᕕᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ: pasijaunngivviqangittuq: Responsabilité absolue

An absolute liability offence is one where it is no defence to show that no one planned or wanted the event to happen. Pollution, public health and safety offences are usually absolute liability. Ocean dumping is an absolute liability offence.

Litigation/Negotiation/Conciliation/Arbitration: ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᖅᑕᐅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ/ᐋᔩᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖅ/ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᓐᓇᐅᓕᔫᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒃᑎᑦᓯᓇᓱᓐᓂᖅ/ᐃᓱᒪᖃᑎᒌᓕᕈᓐᓇᖏᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐋᖅᑭᒍᔾᔨᓂᖅ: iqqaqtuqtautitsiniq/aajiiqatigiinniq/angiqatigiigunnailijuunnik angiqatigiiktitsinasunniq/isumaqatigiilirunnangittunik aaqqigujjiniq: Litige/Négociation/Conciliation/Arbitrage

See Arbitration.

Longitude: ᑭᓪᓕᓐᖑᐊᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᐊᓐᓇᒥᒃ ᓂᒋᐊᓄᑦ ᑐᑭᓕᐊᖅᓯᐊᕐᑐᑦ: killingualiangusimajut uannamik nigianut tukiliarsiartut: Longitude

Imaginary lines running from the north pole to the south pole, around the world, which are used, along with the lines of latitude, to divide the earth into imaginary squares. This makes it easier to navigate and to use maps. Longitude 0° runs through London England. The numbers increase to both the east and west until they reach longitude 180°, which is on the opposite side of the earth, running through the Aleutian islands off of Alaska. Inuvik is on a line of longitude west of Vancouver. See Latitude.

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Mammals: ᐆᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᒫᒪᒃᑎᑦᓯᓲᑦ: uumajut amaamaktitsisuut: Mammifères

Warm-blooded, vertebrate animals who breast-feed and give birth to live young. Mammals include caribou, elk and moose; seals, whales and dolphins; lemmings, siksik and squirrels; dogs, cats and wolves and other similar creatures. The disease affected sea mammals.

Mandatory: ᐊᑐᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᕆᐊᓕᒃ: atutsainnarialik: Obligatoire

Compulsory or required, must be done. Helmets are mandatory while driving three-wheelers.

Marine Areas: ᑕᕆᐅᖅ: tariuq: Zones marines

Parts of the sea, bays and oceans around the Arctic Islands which form part of the Nunavut Settlement Area, and are covered by the Land Claims Agreement. The term covers the waters between the Kitikmeot and Keewatin and Baffin Island, including Lancaster Sound, and the High Arctic Islands. It does not include Hudson Bay except off the Keewatin Coast and around Sanikiluaq. There is a map as Schedule 3-1 of the Agreement which shows the areas. Marine Areas are included in the Claims Agreement.

Marketing: ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᖃᕋᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ ᓴᖅᑭᔮᕐᑎᑦᓯᓂᒃᑯᑦ: niurrutiqarasuarniq saqqijaartitsinikkut: Marketing/Mise en marché

1. The process of informing the public about products and their uses, and encouraging people to buy them. After the marketing plan and advertising were finished, more people decided to buy their groceries locally.
2. The process of taking to market, selling or disposing of wild meat or game, not including sales at restaurants (Article 5 page 25). Marketing of caribou must be licensed.

Market Value: ᓄᓇ, ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓ ᐊᑭᑦᑐᕋᐅᑕᐅᒃᑲᔪᒃᑐᑦ ᐊᑭᖏᑎᒍᑦ: nuna, niurutaujunnarninga akitturautaukkajuktut akingitigut: Valeur marchande

The selling price of something if it were sold in an open market between a ready seller and a willing buyer. The market value of the building is less than the replacement costs.

Maximum: ᐊᖏᓛᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᓛᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ: angilaat amisulaalluunniit: Maximum

The greatest amount or largest number. The maximum number of people allowed in the gymnasium was 230.

May/Must/Can: ᐱᔪᒪᒍᓂ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ/ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᖅ/ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ: pijumaguni pijunnartuq/pijariaqallarittuq/pijunnartuq: Pouvoir/Devoir

See Can/Must/May.

Métis: ᐊᓪᓚᖓᔪᐃᑦ/ᐊᓪᓚᒪᔪᐃᑦ: allangajuit/allamajuit: Métis

An aboriginal people of Canada. A person who belongs to this group. Originally from Indian and Non-Native parents, the Métis over generations formed their own communities, developed their own language (Méchif), and built their own place in the Canadian society. Métis consider themselves to be separate and distinct from both Indian and Non-Native people; they see themselves as an independent people with their own customs, heritage and ways of government. The Métis led the major aboriginal uprisings against the Government of Canada in 1870 and 1885. The history of the Métis is reflected in their music and song.

Migratory Birds: ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᒃᑐᑦ: tingmiat utiqtapaktut: Oiseaux migrateurs

Those birds which come to the Arctic in the warm weather and leave when it gets cold. Ducks, geese, swans, loons, cranes, pigeons, shorebirds, gulls, jaegers, snow buntings, auks, puffins, and similar birds. A complete listing is found in Schedule 5-3 Parts I and II of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement. The season for hunting migratory birds varies from north to south.

Migratory Game Birds: ᑎᖕᒥᐊᑦ ᐅᑎᖅᑕᐸᒃᑐᑦ ᓂᕿᑦᓴᕐᓯᐊᖑᕙᒃᑐᑦ: tingmiat utiqtapaktut niqitsarsianguvaktut: Oiseaux migrateurs considérés comme gibiers

Generally speaking, those birds which come to the Arctic in the warm weather and leave in the cold, and which can be hunted for meat. Ducks, geese, swans, pigeons, cranes and doves. A complete listing is found in Schedule 5-3 Part I of the Land Claims Agreement. In the past, hunting of migratory game birds was widespread, but illegal.

Minimum: ᖃᑦᓯᓐᓇᐅᓛᖑᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ ᐊᑦᓯᓛᖑᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᓪᓗ ᑭᓪᓕᖓ: qatsinnaulaangujunnartut atsilaangujunnartullu killinga: Minimum

The least number or smallest amount. The minimum age was 5 years.

Ministerial Management: ᒥᓂᔅᑕᐅᓂᕐᒥᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑕᑦᓴᐅᔭᖏᑦ: ministaunirminut aulattatsaujangit: Gestion ministérielle

The process of government which makes a cabinet minister accountable to Parliament or the Assembly for the areas for which he or she has been given responsibility. An acknowledgment that ultimately it is through the political and elections processes that the public holds people accountable to manage resources and make important decisions. The Board has considerable authority, but in the end the Minister can veto, on the principle of ministerial management.

Ministerial Order: ᒥᓂᔅᑕᐅᑉ ᑎᓕᓯᔾᔪᑎᖏᑦ: ministaup tilisijjutingit: Arrêté ministériel

A legal document authorized by an Act or other legislation. The Minister uses this to perform various legal functions such as appointing people to boards and agencies, setting dates, making inquiries and other details of government. The fishery was closed for two months by ministerial order.

Minister Responsible: ᒥᓂᔅᑕ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖃᕆᐊᓕᒃ: minista piliriaqaralik: Ministre responsable

The Minister in the federal or territorial cabinet who has been assigned a specific task or department. The Board requested a meeting with the Minister responsible in order to resolve the long outstanding difficulties.

Mitigate: ᐱᓗᐊᓐᖏᓐᓂᕐᓴᐅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: piluanginirsautitsiniq: Atténuer

To make less bad something which is bad. The booms helped to mitigate the spread of the oil slick.

Monitoring Program: ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐅᕙᑦᑐᑦ: qaujisarniuvattut: Programme de surveillance

An organized effort to gather information over a longer period of time in order to get a bigger picture or better research on a problem or question. The Board arranged a monitoring program to follow how well hearing impaired children were doing as they went through school.

Mortgage: ᐊᑭᓕᒃᓴᓂᐅᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ ᐱᖁᑎᒥᓂᒃ: akiliksaniutiqarniq piqutiminik: Hypothèque

1. A process to use the value of land or a building as the security for a loan. They wanted to mortgage the house and use the money to start a business.
2. The document which is signed and sets out the rules for paying money obtained by mortgage. See Charge.

Must/Can/May: ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᓪᓚᕆᒃᑐᖅ/ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ/ᐱᔪᒪᒍᓂ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᖅ: pijariaqallarittuq/pijunnartuq/pijumaguni pijunnartuq: Pouvoir/Devoir

See Can.

Mutatis Mutandis: ᐊᔾᔨᒐᓗᐊᖓ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᑐᒍ: ajjigaluanga aaqqigiatuinnartugu: Mutatis mutandis

With all the necessary but obvious small corrections or changes. Now that the Government Leader is a woman, the Proclamation needs to be changed mutatis mutandis (in this case Mr. to Ms, he to she, him to her, his to hers and so on).

Mutually Agreeable: ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑕᐅᔪᖅ: tamainnut angiqatigiigutaujuq: Par entente mutuelle

Agreed by all the affected parties. The phrase is a bit repetitive as an agreement only occurs when it is agreed to by all the parties. They arranged the meeting for a mutually agreeable time next week.

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Nation: ᐃᓅᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᖃᑎᒌᒃᑐᑦ: inuuqatigiit iliqqusiqatigiiktut: Nation

A group of people with a common culture, history, language and ancestry. Some countries are formed by more than one nation. Some nations exist across the borders of countries. The United Nations recognizes the rights of nations as well as of member countries.

National Defence: ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᓴᐳᓐᓂᐊᕐᑎᖏᑦ: kanataup sapunniartingit: Défense nationale

The Armed Forces of Canada, composed of three branches, the Army (land), Navy (sea) and Air Force (sky). The purpose of National Defence is to protect Canada from attack by a foreign power. While being ready to do this, the Armed Forces spend their time on search and rescue, peacekeeping and other tasks. National Defence Headquarters is located in Ottawa.

National Security: ᑲᓇᑕᒥᑦ ᐱᕋᔭᒃᑕᐅᑦᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᓯᔩᑦ: kanatamit pirajaktauttailititsijiit: Sécurité nationale

See Interest, National Security.

Naturalist (Lodges): ᑲᔾᔭᐅᓴᒋᐊᕐᐸᒃᑐᓄᑦ (ᓯᓂᒃᑕᕐᕖᑦ): kajjausagiarpaktunut (siniktarviit): Pavillons de naturalistes

A hotel for visitors whose interest is in observing nature, wildlife and natural events. The appeal of naturalist lodges is that they interfere as little as possible with the surrounding lands.

Navigable: ᐅᒥᐊᖅᑐᕐᕕᐅᒍᓐᓇᖅᑐᓕᒫᑦ (ᐃᒪᒃᑯᑦ): umiaqturviugunnaqtulimaat: Navigable

1. A river, lake or other body of water which can be travelled by boat. The river was not navigable because it had a large waterfall and many rapids.
2. In the claims agreement used to mean those bodies of water which can be reached by boat from the ocean. All navigable waterways are within Federal jurisdiction. See Right of Navigation.

Needs, Adjusted Basic Level: ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᔾᔪᑎᒋᓇᓱᓐᓂᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᓐᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕐᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ: uumajuit inuujjutiginasunniarlugit nammannirartauningit aaqqigiartausimajut: Contingents de base ajustés

Set by the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board. The basic amount or number of an animal needed by Inuit to continue levels of hunting and supply. This can change as animal and human populations change, and as trade uses increase. Article 5 (5.6.26). The Board was asked to consider an Adjusted Basic Needs Level because of the population growth in the community over the past five years.

Needs, Basic Level: ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᔾᔪᑎᒋᓇᓱᓐᓂᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᓐᓂᕋᕐᑕᐅᔪᑦ: uumajuit inuujjutiginasunniarlugit nammannirartaujut: Contingents de base

Set by the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board if there is a need for a Total Allowable Harvest (for those animals whose hunting must be controlled). The basic amount or number of a certain animal needed by Inuit to continue at present levels of hunting and supply. Article 5 (5.5.19). The NWMB set the basic needs level after reviewing the past five years' hunting patterns. See Total Allowable Harvest.

Needs, Full Level of: ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᐃᓅᔾᔪᑎᒋᓇᓱᓐᓂᐊᕐᓗᒋᑦ ᓈᒻᒪᒋᔭᒥᓐᓂᒃ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ: uumajuit inuujjutiginasunniarlugit naammagijaminik pijunnarniq: Ensemble des besoins

When there is no need to control the hunting of a certain animal, and as a result no Total Allowable Harvest has been set, any Inuk is entitled to hunt as many animals as he/she needs. The needs include economic, social and cultural needs for wildlife. Article 5 (5.6.1). Caribou hunting in the Baffin is at the full level of needs, but in Sanikiluaq, a Total Allowable Harvest has been set.

Needs Presumption: ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᖅᓯᒪᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖅᑕᐅᔪᒪᒐᔭᕐᑐᓂᒃ: nalautsaaqsimaniq uumajuqtaujumagajartunik: Besoins présumés

The agreement contained in Article 5, which will be in effect for up to 20 years. It is assumed that Inuit need the Total Allowable Harvest of a variety of animals including polar and black bear, musk ox, bow head whales, migratory birds, owls and eider ducks (5.6.5). This means that only Inuit will be allowed to hunt these animals. Based on the Needs Presumption, only Inuit will be allowed to hunt bowhead whales.

Negotiation: ᐋᔩᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖅ: aajiiqatigiinniq: Négociation

See Arbitration.

Nominate: ᓂᕈᐊᒐᒃᓴᓐᖑᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: niruagaksanguqtitsiniq: Proposer

To recommend that a certain person be considered for a position. The nomination may be for an elected or appointed position. The parties to the dispute each nominate an arbitrator.

Nominee: ᓂᕈᐊᕋᒃᓴᓐᖑᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ: niruaratsannguqtitauniq: Candidat

The person nominated. She was the nominee of the Territorial Government.

Non-Profit Organization: ᑮᓇᐅᔭᓕᐅᖅᑎᐅᒐᓱᒐᑎᒃ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᑦ: kiinaujaliurtiugasugatik katujjiqatigiit: Organisme à but non lucratif

A society, church, committee or local organization which is not a business to make money but is set up for community purposes or for educational or cultural reasons. A Non-Profit Organization can get an income tax receipt number.

Notwithstanding: ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᑎᓪᓗᒍ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᔾᔮᖏᓚᖅ: taimaikkaluartillugu atuutiqajjaangilaq: Nonobstant

Despite. No matter what the other says. "Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement..." means that all the other provisions give way to this one. "Your opinion notwithstanding..." means even if you disagree.

Notwithstanding their mother's request, we let the children chew bubble gum.

Null And Void: ᐊᑑᑎᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᑑᑎᖃᓚᐅᕋᓂᓗ: atuutiqangittuq atuutiqalauranilu: Nul et non avenu

No good, not valid and never was valid. Of no effect right from the beginning. The sale was null and void because the carving had been stolen.

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Oath Of Office: ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔮᒥᓂᒃ ᐱᓕᕆᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕋᕐᓗᓂ ᐊᖏᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ: iqqanaijaaminik piliritsianiarnirarluni angiqtitauniq: Serment d'entrée en fonction

A promise to properly fulfill the duties of a position. An oath is a promise which can be enforced in the Courts. People taking an oath understand that they have rights, powers and obligations in their position and that they must follow the laws in using their authority. The Mayor took an oath of office at the first meeting after the election.

Official Languages: ᐅᖃᐅᓰᑦ ᐃᓕᓴᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ: uqausiit ilisarijausimajut: Langues officielles

English and French are the official languages of Canada. They are also the official languages of the Northwest Territories, along with the Official Aboriginal Languages. Article 2.8.1 of the Nunavut Claim states that the Agreement will be in English, French and Inuktitut, but that the English and French will be authoritative. This means that only the English and French versions could normally be used in court. The document will be signed in Canada's Official Languages.

Onerous: ᐱᔭᕆᐊᑐᔪᖅ: pijariatujuq: Onéreux/Exigeant

Difficult to do, hard, requiring a great burden or a great deal of work. The work schedule on the fishing boats was onerous, but they made good money.

On Its Own Motion/Account: ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᒋᐊᕈᒪᓂᕐᒥᓄᑦ/ᐃᓱᒪᒥᓂᒃ: namminiq pijumanirminut/isumaminik: De son propre chef

Without being asked to do so by the people involved, a court or Board or Committee may make a decision or start a procedure. Neither side asked for a break over the weekend, but the Board ruled on its own motion that there would be no hearings on Saturdays or Sundays.

Optimize: ᐊᑐᑦᓯᐊᕋᓱᓐᓂᖅ: atutsiarasunniq: Optimiser

To make the best of, to make the best use of, to have the best chance. To optimize use of the arena, the older teams played after 11 PM. To optimize their chances of getting a polar bear, they agreed to radio in if they found tracks.

Optimum: ᐊᑲᐅᓂᖅᐸᖓᒍᑦ: akaunirpaangagut: Optimum

The best possible. That afternoon conditions for seal hunting were at optimum.

Order In Council: ᒥᓂᔅᑕᐅᑉ ᑎᓕᐅᕈᑎᖏᑦ: ministaup tiliurutingit: Décret/Arrêté en conseil

Similar to a Ministerial Order. An order or rule made to cover a particular situation which the law authorizes the Governor General in Council (the federal cabinet) to make. The appointment of the judge was made by Order in Council.

Ordinarily Resident In: ᐊᖏᕐᕋᓪᓚᕆᖓ: angirrallaringa: Résidence permanente

The usual, common and regular place of residence. The home to which a person returns on a daily basis. The pilot was ordinarily resident in New York, but he had an apartment in London, England.

Other Inuit: ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ: asingit inuit: Autres Inuit

Inuit other than those who are beneficiaries of the claim. This would include Inuvialuit, Labrador and Northern Quebec Inuit.

Other Local Residents: ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᓐᓂᒥᐅᑦ: asingit nunalinnimiut: Autres résidents locaux

Other people who live in the community or region concerned. When there were lots of caribou, other local residents were welcome to hunt for food. See Other Residents.

Other Residents: ᐊᓯᖏᑦ ᓄᓇᖅᑲᑎᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ: asingit nunatqatigijaujut: Autres résidents

People who live in the Nunavut Settlement Area who are not Inuit. (Article 5.1.1). The Nunavut government will be a public government in which Inuit and other residents will participate.

Outpost Camp: ᓄᓇᓕᕋᓛᑦ: nunaliralaat: Camp éloigné

A camp occupied by families or other groups of Inuit on a temporary, seasonal, or regular basis for the purpose of good access to animals and use of the land. Defined in Article 7.1.1. The outpost camp provided its own food, but always needed fuel to be brought in.

Overlap: ᐊᖅᓵᕋᐅᑕᐅᓂᖅ: aqsaarautauniq: Chevauchement

An area where more than one aboriginal people believe they have rights to the land, based on historic use and occupancy. Contowyto Lake has always been disputed as part of the overlap area between the Inuit and Dene.

Ownership: ᐱᖃᕐᓂᖅ: piqarniq: Propriété

See Custody.

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P

Park, National: ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᒃ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ: mirnguisirvik, kanatami: Parc national

Lands reserved from any other use by the Federal Government in order to preserve them as Parks for current and future uses.

Park, National Marine: ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᒃ, ᑲᓇᑕᐅᑉ ᑕᕆᐅᖁᑎᖓᓂ: mirnguisirvik, kanataup tariuqutingani: Parc national marin

A National Park which is all or in part under water. A park designed to preserve underwater areas and marine life. The bowhead whale breeding grounds at Isabella Bay near Clyde River are proposed as a National Marine Park.

Park, Territorial: ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᒃ, ᓄᓇᑦᑎᐊᕐᒥ: mirnguisirvik, nunattiarmi: Parc territorial

Lands set aside by the Territorial Government, usually to preserve them for recreational or public uses.

Park Reserve, National: ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᒃᓴᓕᐊᖑᓯᒪᔪᖅ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥ: mirnguisirviksaliangusimajuq, kanatami: Réserve foncière à vocation de parc national

Lands set aside by the Federal Government to become a National Park or with the potential of becoming a park. The Canadian Parks Service wants to have National Parks which show all the different types of land and climates in Canada.

Parks Service, Canadian: ᒥᕐᖑᐃᓯᕐᕕᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᑦ, ᑲᓇᑕᒥᐅᑦ: mirnguisirvilirijikkut, kanatamiut: Services de Parcs Canada

Branch of the Federal government which cares for and controls federal parks and preservation of historic places.

Particularized: ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᕐᓯᒪᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖅ: nalunaijarsimatsiarniq: Précisé

Set out in detail. With all the little issues discussed and the required information provided. The Northern Store kept very detailed records and could particularize the debt down to the last penny.

Penalty, Not Construed As Constituting A: ᐊᑭᓖᖁᔨᔾᔪᑎᑦ, ᑕᐃᒪᐃᓪᓚᕆᒋᐊᖃᓐᖏᒃᑲᓗᐊᕐᑐᓂ ᑐᑭᖓ: akiliiqujijjutit, taimaillarigiaqangikaluartuni tukinga: Ne doit pas être interprété comme constituant une pénalité

When a contract is made it is possible that the cost of breaking the contract may be agreed to in advance. Examples include: "Pizza delivered in 30 minutes or it is free." or "30 days to pay, late accounts charged interest at 15%." In each case, the cost of not following through on the contract is stated in advance. These are called Liquidated Damages. The cost must be a reasonable estimate of the damages, and not a punishment or to scare someone into keeping the contract. A penalty might be: If you fail to deliver my pizza on time, I get to keep the truck. This is an unreasonable consequence to breaking the agreement. An agreement like this is not supported by the Court. As a result, in order to make it clear that the consequence of breaking the agreement is a reasonable, true estimate of the damages, liquidated damages agreements will use this phrase. Perhaps the best translation of this phrase would be as a true estimate of damages and not intended simply to scare people into finishing contracts. In the event that the Contractor fails to finish the house on time, he will pay the Owner $70.00 per day as liquidated damages which are not to be construed as constituting a penalty. See Damages, Liquidated.

Percent: ᐳᓴᓐᑦ: pusant: Pour cent

The number out of 100. If 50 people out of every 100 people are women, we can say that 50 percent of people are women. If 1 car out of every 4 cars is red, we know that 1/4 of all cars are red. We can also say that 25 percent of all cars are red, because 1/4 of 100 is 25. Percent can be shown by the symbol %.

Perform: ᐱᓕᕆᓂᖅ: piliriniq: Exécuter (une tâche)

To do or complete a task, duty or contract obligation. The clerk was fired because he spent all his time smoking and failed to perform his duties at the cash register.

Performance Bonds: ᐱᓕᕆᓂᐊᕐᓂᖕᒥᓄᑦ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᑯᒫᖃᕐᓂᖅ: piliriniarnirminut nalliukumaaqarniq: Garantie d'exécution du contrat

A kind of insurance policy which builders (general contractors) and other people with large government contracts are required to provide on major projects. The contractor buys the bond. If the contractor does not finish the building or the project because of bad management or underestimating the costs, the insurer will step in and complete the project. All projects over $1,000,000.00 require the posting of a performance bond.

Periodic Payments: ᐊᔾᔨᒌᑦᓴᐃᓐᓇᓂᒃ ᐊᑭᓕᖅᓱᐃᖃᑦᑕᕐᓂᖅ: ajjigiitsainnanik akiliqsuiqattarniq: Paiements périodiques

A payment made regularly in the same amount (every two weeks, month or year), as opposed to a Lump Sum payment which is made all at once. As part of her widow's pension she received $450.00 in monthly periodic payments.

Person, Artifical: ᑎᒥᐅᔪᑦ: timiujut: Personne légale, morale

A legal body or organization, which is not a human being. These include companies, societies, co-operatives, and specially created bodies such as municipalities, Arctic College, NTPC, Nunavut Trust, or other bodies created by a federal or territorial Act. The Income Tax Act has different rules for individuals and for artificial persons. See Individual; Person, Natural.

Person, Natural: ᐃᓄᓪᓚᕆᒃ, ᐱᓐᖑᐊᖑᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ: inullarik, pinguangungittuq: Personne physique/Individu

A real human being. A natural person has rights in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms which are not available to Companies or other legal bodies. See Person, Artificial; Individual.

Personal Property: ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᖁᑎᓕᑦ: namminiq piqutitlik: Biens mobiliers

All types and forms of property which are not land or attached to land. This includes chattels such as clothes, cars, furniture; choices in action such as savings bonds, bank accounts and RRSPs; and intellectual property such as film and photo rights, patents and copyrights. The company sold off all its lands in town and all that was left were office equipment, some vehicles and other personal property. See Chattel; Real Property.

Person Year: ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᑎ ᐊᕐᕌᒍᑐᐃᓐᓇᕐᒧᑦ: iqqanaijarti arraagutuinnarmut: Année-personne

Used in government to represent one person working for one year. Frequently called a "P/Y." A P/Y must be approved by the legislature for each permanent position in government. With each P/Y comes money for travel, benefits, office space, equipment and housing. The P/Y is the basic unit used for managing employee costs in government. When Arctic College split into East and West, the new head office and 8 person years were moved to Iqaluit.

Pertaining thereto: ᐅᖃᐅᓯᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ: uqausirijausimajuq pijjutigillugu: En référence à

Relating to the item mentioned. In connection with the object or idea which has been mentioned already. Included with the vacuum are all the attachments and the book of instructions pertaining thereto.

Pledge: ᐊᑭᓖᓂᐊᕐᓂᕋᐅᑎ (ᓇᓪᓕᐅᑯᒫᓕᐅᔾᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ): akiliiniarnirauti (nalliukumaaliujjausimajuq): Nantissement

Policy, Procurement: ᐊᑐᐊᒐᖅ, ᐱᓇᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ: atuagaq, pinasuarniq: Politique d'achats

The rules followed by employees (usually government employees) for buying things or services. The current procurement policy favours local business.

Possession: ᐱᖃᕐᓂᖅ/ᐱᒋᔭᖅ: piqarniq/pigijaq: Possession

See Custody.

Practicable (as soon as): ᑕᕝᕙᑦᓴᐅᑎᒋᐅᓇᓱᓐᓂᖅ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓯᑐᐊᕈᓂ: tavvatsautigiunasunniq pijunnarsituaruni: Dès que possible

As soon as is possible, but allowing a bit of time to do this in an orderly and sensible fashion. As soon as it possible to do, taking into account all the items affected and all the changes required. He cannot fly home as soon as possible, but he promised to arrive as soon as practicable, since his children had all come down with the mumps.

Preamble: ᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᕐᓂᖓᓂ ᐱᔾᔪᑏᑦ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᕐᓯᒪᓂᖏᑦ: pigiangarningani pijjutiit nalunaijarsimanignit: Préambule

The beginning part of a document which states the general reasons for the document and what it wants to accomplish. The preamble can help make sense of other parts of the document. The preamble of the Wildlife Act states that its purpose is "to conserve and enhance the natural environment for human uses."

Preclude: ᐊᓯᖅᑯᕐᕕᖃᕈᓐᓃᑎᑦᓯᒋᐊᕐᓂᖅ (ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐃᓕᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ): asiqqurviqarunniititsigiarniq (pijunnailititsiniq): Exclure

To leave out, to prevent from happening. His constant lateness precluded an early start to the meetings.

Predominant Proportion: ᐊᖏᓛᖓ/ᐊᒥᓱᓛᑦ: angilaanga/amisuulaat: Part dominante

The largest part. The predominate proportion of the money was used to build an elders' centre.

Presume/Presumption: ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᕐᓂᖅ (ᑲᖐᓱᓐᓂᖅ): nalautsaarniq (kangiisunniq): Présumer/Présomption

Making an assumption in favour of something or someone. Acceptance of an idea or point of view unless this is shown to be incorrect in a particular case. There is a presumption that taking scheduled flights is cheaper than chartering.

Presumption of Needs: ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᖅᓯᒪᓂᖅ ᐆᒪᔪᖅᑕᐅᔪᒪᒐᔭᕐᑐᓂᒃ: nalautsaaqsimaniq uumajuqtaujumagajartunik: Besoins présumés

See Needs, Presumption.

Prevail: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᕐᓂᖅᓴᖅ (ᐊᔪᓐᖏᓂᖅᓴᖅ): pijunnarniqarniqsaq (ajunginniqsaq): Prévaloir

To succeed even when there are difficulties or hardship. To win. To be the most common or usual. Truth will prevail. The prevailing wind is from the east.

Principal: ᐃᓱᒪᑕᖅ/ᐃᓕᓴᐃᔩᑦ ᐊᖏᔪᖅᑳᖓᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦᐱᒋᐊᓐᖓᐅᑎᖏᑦ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᑦ: isumataq/ilisaijiit angijuqqaangat uvvaluunniit pigiangautingit kiinaujat: Directeur, principal

1. The decision-maker, the main person, the one who gives instructions to an agent to negotiate or do certain things. The negotiator repeated the instructions he was given by his principal. See Agent.
2. The original amount of money involved or committed to a particular project. The amount of money used to earn interest. The principal amount of $100,000.00 earned $10,000.00 in interest in one year.

Principle: ᒪᓕᒐᒻᒪᕆᒃ ᐋᕿᕐᕈᓇᓱᑦᑐᓄᑦ: maligammarik aaqirrunasuttunut: Principe

A general rule or basis for making decisions. The food guide listed five principles for healthy eating.

Principle, Merit: ᐊᑐᐊᒐᑦ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔾᔨᒋᐊᖃᕐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅᐸᒥᑦ: atuagat, sivulliujjigiaqarningmut pijunnarniqpaamit: Au mérite

The rule that hiring, contracting, or rewarding should be given to the most experienced, best educated or otherwise best-qualified person. The use of northern preference rules interferes with the merit principle in government contracting.

Principles Of Natural Justice: ᐊᑐᐊᒐᑦ ᐃᓚᐃᓐᓈᖅᑕᐃᓕᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᓕᐅᕐᓂᖕᒥᑦ: atuagat ilainnaatailinikkut maligaliurnirmit: Principes de justice naturelle

The basic rules of fair procedure for boards, government officials or agencies making decisions which have serious effects on people. The rules of Natural Justice include: allowing a fair hearing after enough notice, listening to both sides, not meeting with or obtaining information from one side without the other knowing, and working with an open mind. When these rules are not followed a court can be asked to look at the decision and order a new hearing or quash the decision. This is called Administrative Law. In this area of law, the courts make sure that governments are fair and clear when making decisions. The Board refused to hear his arguments, no matter how often he asked to speak to them, so he applied to the Courts to give him a fair hearing under the Principles of Natural Justice.

Priority: ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᔾᔭᐅᒋᐊᓕᒃ: sivulliujjaugialik: Priorité

The most important or first item. The issue which must be considered first. Maintaining a healthy herd is the first priority of the Caribou Management Board.

Private Hands: ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐱᓕᕆᕝᕕᖃᐅᖅᑐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᑦ: namminiq pilirivviqauqtunut aulataujut: Entreprise privée

Controlled or done by private business or other non-government people. Not managed by government or government agencies. In some communities, the delivery of water is in private hands.

Privilege: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ: pijunnarniq: Privilège

The freedom or ability to do something which others are not allowed to do. A privilege is granted by an authority and can be removed at any time. Senior staff members had the privilege of driving the company car on weekends. See Right; Benefit.

Proceeds of Disposition: ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᐅᔪᒥᓂᕐᓄᑦ ᐊᒥᐊᒃᑯᑦ: niurrutiujuminirnut amiakkut: Revenu net d'une vente

Money from a sale, after all the expenses and costs are paid. After the land beside the church was sold, the proceeds of disposition were used to repair the church roof and buy a new furnace.

Proclaim/Proclamation: ᓴᖅᑭᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᐊᑐᕐᓂᐊᓕᕐᑐᒥᒃ: saqqititsiniq aturnialiqtumik: Proclamer/Proclamation

1. The final stage of creating legislation. After a proposed law is read three times, it receives Royal Assent and is then proclaimed, or publicly announced as being in effect from a certain date. The new tax law was passed in September, but it was proclaimed in effect starting January 1.
2. A public statement or announcement. The Minister signed a proclamation announcing Mental Health Week.

Prohibit/Prohibition: ᐱᑦᑕᐃᓕᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: pittailititsiniq: Prohiber/Prohibition

1. To outlaw, to make a rule against, to ban. MLAs are prohibited from participating in government contracts.
2. This ban can apply especially to liquor. To pass a law making liquor illegal in a community or area. Prohibition is in effect in Pangnirtung.

Propagation, Cultivation, Husbandry: ᐱᕈᕐᓰᓂᖅ ᓂᐅᕐᕈᑎᒃᓴᓕᐊᕆᓪᓗᒋᑦ: pirursiiniq niurrutiksaliarillugit: Agriculture et élevage

The process of farming, raising or growing plants, or raising animals for personal use or sale. This does not include harvesting wild animals or plants. Propagation, cultivation and husbandry make wild plants and animals more productive but can change their basic nature as food.

Proponent: ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ: ilagijaujuq: Promoteur/Supporteur

1. Person or organization proposing or suggesting a project or idea. The oil company was a major proponent of the new oil spill clean-up procedure.
2. In hearings to decide if a project should go ahead, or to determine if there will be environmental damage, the proponents are the people or companies suggesting or supporting the project. The proponents of the Great Whale Hydro Project were the Government of Quebec and Hydro-Québec.

Prospecting, Staking Or Locating A Mineral Claim: ᕿᓂᕐᓂᖅ, ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᓯᖅᓱᐃᓂᖅ ᓇᑉᐸᖅᑎᕆᓪᓗᓂ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᓂᓯᕕᒋᔭᒥᓂᒃ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: qinirniq, nalunaikkusiqsuiniq nappaqtirilluni uvvaluunniit nanisivigijaminik nalunaiqtautitsiniq: Prospecter, localiser ou jalonner un claim minier

The process for claiming mineral rights in Crown Lands. Prospectors go out on the land "prospecting" or looking for signs of mineral deposits or possible future mines. They do this by collecting rock "samples" and testing them. They may also drill down into the rock to get "core sample." Before or after the samples are tested the prospector may "stake" the mineral claim. This is done by marking or pounding into the ground four "stakes" or specially marked sticks, one at each corner of the mineral claim. The claim must then be registered at the Mines Registry showing its size and location. The prospector may work for a mining company or may sell the claim to a mining company to develop into a mine. The prospector must pay a registration fee and do development work on the claim in order to keep the claim. Prospecting, staking and locating a mineral claim are all activities which occur on the land before a mine is developed. Many claims will be located and staked, but only a few will be developed.

Provision: ᐃᓚᒋᔭᐅᔪᖅ ᐊᖏᕈᑎᐅᑉ ᒪᓕᒐᐅᓪᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐃᓚᖓᓂ: ilagijaujuq angirutiup maligaulluunniit ilangani: Disposition

1. An article, paragraph or part of a law, contract or document. This provision of the land claim deals with social development.
2. Part of an agreement or law which applies or relates to a situation. There are three provisions in cases where a beneficiary complains about development activity.

Proxy: ᐃᓇᖐᓯᒪᔪᓐᓇᕐᑎᑕᐅᔪᖅ: inangiisimajunnartitaujuq: Procuration/Mandataire

1. A paper or document which allows one person to vote or act on behalf of another person. A proxy may be used in an election or in voting for a company or corporation. When he presented his proxy to the returning officer, he was given a ballot.
2. A person who is given this permission to act for others. The shareholders in Igloolik sent Frank as their proxy.

Public sector: ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᕐᕕᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑕᐅᔪᑦ: gavamakkut iqqanaijarvinginnut aulataujut: Secteur public

Programs, employees and activities controlled or authorized by government, and government departments. Public sector employees will have their wages frozen this year.

Public Servant: ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᖅᑲᓇᐃᔭᖅᑎ: gavamakkunnut iqqanaijarti: Fonctionnaire

An employee of government. Public servants must temporarily leave their jobs if they want to run in an election.

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Q

Quantum: ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖓ/ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖏᑦ: unurninga/amisuuningit: Quantum

Amount or number. What is the quantum of students receiving benefits under this policy?

Quorum: ᑲᑎᒪᔩᐅᑉ ᓈᒻᒪᒋᐊᖃᓐᓂᖏᑦ (ᐊᒥᓲᓂᖅᓴᑦ): katimajiup naammagiqanningit (amisuuniqsat): Quorum

The number of members of a board, society or other organization who must be present in order to hold a meeting. The quorum was six, so one member had to participate by telephone.

Quota: ᐱᔭᒃᓴᒫᑦ (ᑰᑕᐃᑦ): pijaksamaat (kuutait): Contingent

The number of places or positions available in a category. The quota for mature students is six.

The maximum that is allowed. The quota for polar bear this year is ten.

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R

Rank: ᐃᓂᖓ (ᖁᑦᓯᓐᓂᖓ): ininga (qutsinninga): Rang

Order. Position. Place in line. He ranked third in the NWT in the one foot high kick.

Rate: ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᑕᐅᓂᖅ (ᖃᓄᐃᓪᓗᐊᕐᓂᖓ)/ᐊᑭᖏᑦ: qaujisartauniq (qanuilluarninga)/akingit: Évaluer/Taux/Tarif

1. To give a mark or ranking to something. To evaluate. How do you rate this course, compared to others you have taken?
2. Measurement, including: rate of speed (in miles or kilometres per hour, in light years per second); rate of flow (for water or through a pipeline); rate of change (for population growth or temperature); rate of exchange (for foreign money). Scientists studying the ozone layer worry about the rate of change in world temperatures.
3. Price, especially a price established for business regulated by the government. The long-distance phone rates are established by the CRTC after public hearings.

Ratify/Ratification: ᓈᒻᒪᒃᓴᕐᓂᖅ/ᐊᖏᖅᑕᐅᑎᑦᓯᓇᓱᓐᓂᖅ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᒻᒥᑦ: nammatsarniq/angiqtautitsinasuarniq angiqatigiigummit: Ratifier/Ratification

Approval of an agreement or decision. A process where the negotiators or directors take a decision or agreement back to the people in charge and ask for their approval. The Union members held a vote to ratify the proposed collective agreement. The President asked the Board to ratify his decision to rent the community hall.

Ratio: ᓈᓴᐅᑎᑎᒍᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᒃᑎᑦᓯᐸᓗᒐᓱᓐᓂᖅ: naasautitigut ajjigiititsipalugasunniq: Proportion

Relationship between two numbers. The ratios of 1 to 2, 2 to 4, and 4 to 8 are all the same. Each ratio is one half. The ratio of teachers to students is 1 to 13. The student-teacher ratio should be as low as possible for the best education for the children.

Real Property: ᓄᓇᖁᑎᑦ: nunaqutit: Propriété foncière

Land, land leases, mineral claims and other types of ownership related to land. The company owned real property in Ottawa, Edmonton and Yellowknife. See Personal Property; Chattel.

Realty: ᓄᓇᖁᑎᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓱᓕᓂᖅ: nunaqutit uvvaluunniit suliniq: Biens immobiliers

See Real Property.

Rebut: ᐃᓪᓗᖔᖓᓂᒃ ᓴᖅᑮᓂᖅ: illungaanganik saqqiiniq: Réfuter

To show the opposite. To prove that an idea or belief is not true. Everyone thought that a charter would be more expensive, but he was able to rebut that assumption by showing that the charter flight was cheaper.

Reciprocal: ᓇᓪᓕᐊᓄᑐᐃᓐᓈᖓᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ: nallianutuinnaangagunnarniq: Réciproque

Works in both directions. An arrangement where both sides give to each other. Keewatin accepts Baffin students, but the arrangement is reciprocal and Keewatin students are welcome in Baffin schools.

Regime, Fiscal: ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔾᔪᓯᒋᕙᒃᑕᖏᑦ: gavamakkut aulatsijjusigivaktangit: Régime fiscal

A plan made by government to control (as much as they can) economic factors like unemployment, inflation, interest rates and economic growth. They try to do this by controlling the amount of money printed and available in the country, the tax rate, and the money the government spends or borrows. The fiscal regime of the Conservative government emphasized controlling inflation and keeping interest rates low.

Regime, Royalty: ᒐᕙᒪᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔾᔪᓯᒋᕙᒃᑕᖏᑦ ᓂᖏᖅᑖᕈᑎᒃᓴᓂᑦ: gavamakkut aulatsijjusigivaktangit ningiqtaarutiksanit: Régime de royautés

A plan or structure for setting the value of royalties. The regime may be written in law or regulations or authorized by a planning board. The royalty regime allowed the land owners to benefit when oil prices increased. See Royalty.

Regulation: ᐱᖁᔭᐃᑦ ᐃᓱᓕᑦᑕᕐᕕᓖᑦ (ᒪᓕᒐᕐᓂᑦ ᐊᑐᐊᒐᑦ): piqujat isulittarviliit (maligarnit atuagat): Réglementation

Legal rules created under the authority of an Act. Regulations set out detailed rules for issues limited by time or area of application such as hunting seasons, fishing limits in particular rivers, quotas by community, types of driver's licenses, or fees for obtaining birth certificates. Some regulations create offences, penalties and rights, but they can only do this if allowed by the Act from which they get their authority. The Igloolik Alcohol Possession Regulations were created after a community vote.

Regulator: ᐊᑭᑦᓴᓂᒃ ᒪᓕᒐᒃᓴᓂᓪᓗ ᐋᖅᑭᑦᓱᐃᔩᑦ/ᓇᓗᓇᐃᒃᑯᑏᑦ: akitsanik maligaksanillu aaqqitsuijiit/nalunaikkutiit: Régie

A board or authority which controls rates, or sets rules by which applicants can act. The regulator did not approve the increase in telephone rates. See Rates.

Release: ᓴᒃᑯᐃᓂᖅ: sakkuiniq: Cession/Mise en liberté

See Cede.

Remedial Action: ᐋᖅᑮᒋᐊᕆᒍᑏᑦ: aaqqiigiarigutiit: Action compensatoire

Action taken to make up for an error or problem. An attempt to make things better or remedy the situation. When the tests showed gasoline was leaking from the community tanks, the only remedial action Public Works took before spring was to build a gravel barrier and keep it away from the ocean.

Remedy: ᐃᓅᓕᓂᐅᑎᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕆᔾᔪᓯᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᑎᒎᖓᔪᑦ: inuuliniutit uvvaluunniit aaqqigiarijjusit maligartiguungajut: Remède/Compensation

1. Cure or medicine. Something to improve a situation. He took the liquid cough remedy he had bought at the store.
2. An approved legal method to correct an error or failure. The remedy for failure to pay rent is eviction and a judgment for the unpaid amount.

Remunerate/Remuneration: ᐊᑭᓕᐅᓯᐊᑦ (ᑲᑎᒪᔨᐅᔾᔪᓯᐊᑦ): akiliusiat (katimajiujjusiat): Rémunérer/Rémunération

To pay money. The money received. An MLA receives very good remuneration.

Representation, Warranty, Collateral Agreement Or Condition: ᐊᖏᖁᑕᐅᓚᕿᔾᔪᑕᐅᒐᓱᐊᕐᓂᖅ (ᐊᑭᓕᐅᑎᒃᓴᒫᓂᑦ) ᓇᓪᓕᐅᑯᒫᖃᕐᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᒍᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᒪᓕᓪᓚᕆᒋᐊᓕᑦ: angiqutaulaqijjutau(ga suaqtuqakiliutiksamaanit) nalliukumaaqarningmut angiqatigiigut uvvaluunniit malillarigialit: Représentation, garantie, entente ou condition subsidiaire

A promise, commitment, or understanding which the parties to the contract know about and rely on.

A representation would be a statement of fact by one side. For example, "This car is in good running order. The dishwasher was never used."

A warranty is a commitment or guarantee of value over a period of time. We will repair any defects in the motor for one year.

A collateral agreement is a related agreement. I agree to buy your car for $5,000.00 and in collateral agreement you agree to store the car until next year for $200.00.

A condition is a part of an agreement which is basic or essential. I will buy 20 pounds of cement, but only on the condition that it is delivered before June 30. Having a driver's license was a condition of his employment.

Rescission: ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓃᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: aturunniititsiniq: Rescission

A remedy which a court can authorize in contract law because of misrepresentation or because one side has failed to live up to a major item in the contract (a condition). With rescission, the contracting parties are put back in the position they were in before the contract was made. Once the car was in an accident, it was pointless to ask for rescission of the contract, so he sued for damages. See Remedy.

Reserves (Indian): ᐊᓪᓚᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᖁᑎᖏᑦ: allait nunaqutingit: Réserves indiennes

See Lands Reserved for Indians.

Revocable: ᐊᓯᕈᖅᑕᐅᑦᑕᐃᓕᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ: asiruqtauttailinngittuq: Révocable

Can be taken back or changed later. Giving permission for the children to go on the field trip is revocable; just telephone the school and say they have the flu today. See Irrevocable.

Right: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ: pijunnautiit: Droit

Ownership, control or recognized authority. Legally approved and supported authorities. Rights are entitlements which the law and other people will recognize and support. Arrested and accused persons have the right to remain silent. See Benefit.

Right, Aboriginal right of self-determination: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑦ, ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖅ ᐃᓱᒪᓕᐅᕈᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᔪᓐᓇᖁᓪᓗᒋᓪᓗ: pijunnautit, nunaqaqqaaqsimajut namminiq isumaliurunnaqullugit aulatsijunnaqullugillu: Droit des autochtones à l'auto-détermination

The right of aboriginal peoples to make important decisions and control important institutions and events in their communities. The right of an aboriginal people to collectively control their future. The United Nations supports the right of every nation to self-determination.

Right of Access: ᐃᑳᕈᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ: ikaarunnautiit: Droit d'accès

Having the right to travel across land, to use land for passage or on a temporary basis. Having the right to enter into a building, storage place or information source. The town had a right of access across his lot to get the water trucks to the neighbour's tank. They have a right of access to information on wildlife.

Right of Action: ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᒻᒨᕈᓐᓇᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: iqqaqtuivingmuurunnatitsiniq: Droit d'action

Having the right to sue, or take action in a court. The owners have a right of action against the person who started the fire.

Right of First Refusal: ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᑎᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ (ᕿᐱᓗᖅᑳᕈᓐᓇᐅᑎᓕᒃ): sivulliutitaujunnarniq (qipiluqqaarunnautilik): Droit de premier refus

Having the first right to buy. In a case when something is for sale or may be for sale in the future, the right of first refusal allows the rightholder, whenever the sale takes place, to buy in return for paying the going rate. If the rightholder does not wish to pay that amount or does not have the money, the owner can then sell to anyone else who is prepared to pay that amount or more. When my brother sold his skidoo, he promised me the right of first refusal.

Right of Innocent Public Passage: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ, ᑭᒃᑯᑐᐃᓐᓇᐃᑦ ᐃᑳᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᖁᓪᓗᒋᑦ: pijunnautiit, kikkutuinnait ikaarunnarniqaqullugit: Droit de passage du public

The right of ordinary members of the public to travel across and through open lands without hunting or taking anything. There is a general right of innocent public passage.

Right of Navigation: ᐃᖏᕐᕋᕕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᓕᒫᑦ: ingirraviujunnartulimaat: Droit de navigation

The right to take a boat or canoe along a river or lake. There is a right of navigation on all waters which can be reached by boat from the ocean.

Right of Way: ᐊᖅᑯᑎᖃᖅᑳᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᐅᖅᑳᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ: aqqutiqaqaarunnarniq uvvaluunniit sivulliuqqaarunnarniq: Priorité sur la route/Droit de passage

1. Having priority on the road. School buses have right of way when their lights are flashing.
2. Having the right to use land to build a pipeline, power line or utilidor or for some other specific purpose. The pipeline right-of-way was three miles east of the community.

Rights, Inherent: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ, ᑭᖑᕚᖑᓂᕐᒥᓐᓄᑦ: pijunnautiit, kinguvaangunirminut: Droits inhérents

Rights which exist without having been given by anyone or any law and which cannot be taken away by anyone or any law. The right to life is inherent in every human being.

Rights, Sub-surface: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑎᑦ, ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᑭᐊᖓᓄᑦ: pijunnautit, nunaup ikianganut: Droits tréfonciers

Ownership of mines and minerals, oil and gas or other properties below the surface of the land. This usually includes a right to enter and use the surface to get at the mines. The mining company owned the sub-surface rights under his land.

Rights, Title And Interest: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ, ᐱᖃᕐᓂᕋᕈᑎᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᐱᖃᖃᑕᐅᕕᑦ: pijunnautiit, piqarnirarutit ammalu piqaqatauvit: Droits, titres et intérêts

A general phrase to include all possible forms of ownership, in particular all possible forms of land ownership. To get a HAP house the applicant must not have any rights, title or interest in another home.

Royal Proclamation: ᑯᐃᓐ ᑭᖕᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐱᖁᔨᔾᔪᑎᖓᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᑎᒍᑦ: kuin kingluunniit piqujaijjutingat maligartigut: Proclamation royale

Any proclamation made by a King or Queen. Usually refers to the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in which the King of England set out the rules for dealing in land with the Indians of the New World. This treaty is invalid because it does not follow the procedures set out in the Royal Proclamation.

Royalty: ᓂᖏᖅᑕᕐᓂᖅ: ningiqtarniq: Royauté

1. When removing minerals, oil or gas, a tax or payment that is made to the government or to whoever the owner is. The payment is based on how much is removed. The farmer received a royalty of $.004 for each gallon of crude oil pumped from the well on his land.
2. A tax or payment made to the writer, artist, etc., each time his/her book, song, etc. is used or sold, etc. The rock star received royalties each time her song was played on the radio.
3. Members of the royal family. The crown is a symbol of royalty.

Rule Against Perpetuities: ᒪᓕᒐᖅ ᐊᕗᖓᓕᒫᖁᓇᒍ: maligaq avungalimaaqungu: Interdiction de substitutions d'une durée excessive

A legal rule which says that a person cannot control property forever. If someone makes rules about the use of their property or makes a contract, these can only be in effect for "a lifetime plus 21 years." A person can create obligations and make rules for their grandchildren but not for their great-grand children. This rule also affects how many years there can be in a lease before it is treated as full ownership. The rule against perpetuities would say that a 1000-year lease is the same as fee simple ownership.

Rule Of Court: ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᐅᑉ ᐱᖁᔭᖏᑦ: iqqaqtuiviup piqujangit: Règles de pratique

Rules of procedure made by judges and written down in law as the Rules of Court. The Rules of Court say that children must sue through an adult called a "Next Friend."

Rules of Evidence: ᓴᖅᑭᖅᑕᐅᔪᒃᓴᑦ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᒃᓴᐃᓪᓗ ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᒻᒥ ᐱᖁᔭᖏᑦ: saqqiqtaujuksat uqausiksaillu iqqaqtuivimmi piqujangit: Règles de la preuve

Rules made by judges which say what questions, documents or objects can be used in court to prove a case. The rules of evidence require witnesses to only answer questions based on their own personal experience.

RWO: ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᑲᑐᔾᔨᖃᑎᒌᖏᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᓯᒪᐅᕐᑐᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᓕᕆᔨᖏᑦ: aviksimauqtut uumajulirinirmut katujjiqatigiingit uvvaluunniit aviksimaurtut uumajulirijingit: Organisation régionale des ressources fauniques (ORRF)

Regional Wildlife Organization. The regional part of the Hunters' and Trappers' Organizations. An organization created by the Nunavut Claim to control certain regional issues in wildlife management. The regions each have a RWO.

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S

Sanctuary: ᓴᐳᔾᔨᕕᒃ: sapujjivik: Sanctuaire

A safe place. A place away from the normal dangers and problems of the world. Airplane traffic was not allowed over the bird sanctuary.

Saving And Excepting (Saving Provisions): ᑭᑭᑕᐅᓗᓂ ᐱᖃᑕᐅᓐᖏᓪᓗᓂᓗ: kikitauluni piqataunngillunilu: À l'exclusion de (exclusions)

A part of an agreement which lists the exceptions to the rule or identifies those items which are not affected. All communities will change to the new water pricing on July 1, saving and excepting Rankin Inlet, where the system is already in place.

Schedule: ᐃᓚᓕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᒧᑦ: ilaliusimajuq maligarmut: Annexe, horaire

1. A list or attachment at the end of an agreement. Refer to Schedule "E" for a list of migratory birds included in this study.
2. A plan setting out the times when events will occur. We will schedule the final meeting for the spring.

Screen: ᕿᒥᕐᕈᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᖅᑭᑦᑕᐅᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᓂᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᓱᐃᓂᖅ: qimirrunikkut aaqqittausimanngittunit aaqqiksuiniq: Sélectionner

To review and sort based on a rule or set of rules agreed to in advance. The Personnel Officer will screen out anyone who lacks administrative experience.

Seabed: ᐃᖅᑲᖅ: iqqaq: Fond de l'océan

The bottom of the sea. The land which lies under the ocean. The Coast Guard used radar to map the seabed.

Seaward Edge: ᓯᓈ: sinaa: Côté le plus près de la mer

The edge closest to the ocean. The community had been built on the seaward edge of the hill.

Security Bond: ᓇᓪᓕᐅᒃᑯᒫᖅ ᓴᐳᑎᑦᓯᔾᔪᑦ: nalliukkumaaq saputitsijjut: Caution/Certificat de garantie

A kind of insurance policy. If an employee steals or cheats the employer, the security bond will repay the loss. The bank wanted a security bond for the courier who carried their papers to the airport.

Security (Damage) Deposit: ᓱᕋᐃᑳᓪᓚᓂᖅᐸᑦ ᓇᓪᓕᐅᒃᑯᒫᑦ: suraikaallaniqpat nalliukkumaat: Dépôt en garantie

An amount of money given to the seller or owner at the time a contract is made. If the buyer or renter does not complete the contract, she/he will not get this money back. The security deposit on the house was $5000.00, so they were anxious to complete the deal.

Seizure: ᐊᖅᓵᖅᑕᐅᓂᖅ: aqsaaqtauniq: Saisie

Taking possession of property by a sheriff or other official according to a court order. The property is then used to pay off unpaid debts. The bank arranged for a seizure of the taxi when the loan remained unpaid. See Charge.

Self-reliance: ᐃᒻᒥᓂᒃ ᐸᖅᑭᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ: imminik paqqijunnarniq: Autosuffisance

Ability to look after one self. The hunter showed great self-reliance by surviving for a whole week after the snowmobile went through the ice.

Settlement: ᓄᓇᓖᑦ ᓴᓐᖏᓂᖃᓗᐊᖏᓂᕐᓴᐃᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕆᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖅ: nunaliit sanginiqaluannginirsait uvvaluunniit aaqqigiariqatigiinniq: Petit village, entente négociée

1. A community with very little local self-government. The community will remain a settlement until it is ready to be a hamlet.
2. A negotiated agreement to solve a disagreement or claim. After the fire, he received a settlement from the insurance company.

Settlement Area: ᓄᓇᑖᕆᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ: nunataarijausimajuq: Région couverte par l'entente

The Nunavut Settlement area. All the lands inside the Nunavut Claim. Some rules apply by region, but most remain unchanged through the whole settlement area.

Several: ᓇqᖕᒥᓂᓕᑐᐊᖅ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᖃᑦᓯᑲᓪᓚᐃᑦ: nangminilituaq uvvaluunniit qatsikallait: Conjoint

See Joint and Several.

Shall: ᐱᓪᓚᕆᒋᐊᓕᒃ: pillarigialik: Devra

See May/Can/Must.

Shareholder: ᐱᖁᑎᖃᖃᑕᐅᔪᖅ: piqutiqaqataujuq: Actionnaire

An owner of a company. Each shareholder owns a part or share of the company. It can be a very small part or a large part. The shareholder is entitled to share in the profits of the company when it makes money or may lose his or her investment if the company is not successful. They called a shareholders' meeting to announce the company's new plans.

Significant Deposit: ᓴᓇᓐᖑᐊᕋᑦᓴᐃᑦ (ᐅᔭᕋᐃᑦ) ᐊᖏᔪᑦ: sananguaratsait (ujarait) angijut: Dépôt important

An area that has carving stone, large enough that a DIO will claim it to protect general Inuit rights of access. (Article 19: Inuit Owned Lands). The government must report to the Inuit on any newly found carving stone locations, and significant deposits will become Inuit Owned Lands.

Site Specific: ᐊᑕᐅᓯᓪᓗᐊᑕᖅ ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᓄᓇ: atausilluataq nalunaiqtausimajuq nuna: Endroit spécifique

Having to do with only one location or place. The solution they found was site specific; it will only work in that part of town.

Social: ᐃᓅᖅᑲᑎᒌᑦ: inuuqqatigiit: Social

Having to do with life in communities and relationships between people. She was studying the social relationships of three-year-olds. The community had a good social life, with dances and games every weekend.

Socio-Economic Benefits/Socio-Economic Impacts: ᐃᓅᓯᕐᒧᑦ ᒪᑭᒪᐅᑎᑦᓴᓄᓪᓗ ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖅᑖᕈᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ/ᐊᒃᑐᐃᓂᖃᕈᓐᓇᕐᑐᓪᓗ: inuusirmut makimautitsanullu kiinaujaqtaarutaujunnartut aktuiniqarunnartullu: Avantages socio-économiques/Impacts socio-économiques

The social changes which occur as a result of changes in the economy. The consequences of things like new types of employment, more or fewer jobs, higher or lower wages, more or less work outside the home, more or less wage employment. (Benefits are good changes, impacts may be good or bad). The huge increase in tourism had socio-economic benefits for outfitters and hotels.

Sovereign Rights and Jurisdiction: ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᒍᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᑐᓇᕐᑕᖏᓪᓗ: aulatsigunnautiit aulattunartangillu: Droits et juridiction souverains

The rights of a King or Queen. Sovereign jurisdiction is the complete authority and control belonging to a King or Queen. No one else has any control or involvement in Sovereign rights or jurisdiction. In the modern world, it is hard to imagine a nation with sovereign rights and jurisdiction. See Jurisdiction; Right.

Sovereignty: ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᒍᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅ: aulatsigunnarniq: Souveraineté

The status of a supreme ruler, queen or king. Complete authority and independence. In the modern world, the sovereignty of nations is reduced by treaties, international agreements and the effects of world trade.

Specific Performance: ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᒃᑯᑦ ᑎᓕᐅᕆᒋᐊᕈᑎᐅᔪᑦ: iqqaqtuivikkut tiliurigiarutiujut: Exécution en nature

An order from a court requiring someone to live up to a contract or agreement they have made. The artist asked the court for specific performance because he needed the stone which he had quarried and which the boat owner had still not delivered.

Sphere of Influence: ᐊᑦᑐᖅᑕᐅᓂᖅ: attuqtauniq: Sphère d'influence

The area which (or people who) will be affected by a decision or action. The people, communities or organizations over which someone has some influence or has the ability to affect. Anything which happens in Ottawa cannot be blamed on him, as Ottawa is well outside his sphere of influence.

Sport Fishing/Sport Hunting: ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒋᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐃᖃᓪᓕᐊᕈᔾᔨᓂᖅ/ᖁᕕᐊᓱᒋᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᐊᐅᓪᓚᕈᔾᔨᓂᖅ: quviasugiarsimajunik iqalliarujjiniq/quviasugiarsimajunik aullarujjiniq: Pêche sportive/Chasse sportive

Hunting or fishing for pleasure rather than for food or as a way of life. Hunting or fishing as recreation, vacation, or entertainment. Tourist dollars can be attracted through sport fishing and sport hunting opportunities.

Sports Lodge: ᑲᔾᔭᐅᓴᒋᐊᕐᓯᒪᔪᓄᑦ ᑐᔪᕐᒥᕖᑦ/ᑕᒻᒫᕐᕖᑦ: kajjausagiarsimajunut tujurmiviit/tammaarviit: Pavillon de sports

A hotel or camp for tourists primarily interested in hunting or fishing for pleasure. The owners proposed to turn the abandoned outpost camp into a sports lodge. Article 5.1.1.

Square Mile/Square Kilometer: ᑭᑉᐸᕆᓪᓗᐊᕐᑐᖅ ᒪᐃᓕᒥᒃ/ᑭᓚᒦᑕᒥᒃ ᑐᑭᒧᑦ ᓴᓂᒧᓪᓗ: kippaarilluartuq mailimik/kilamiitamik tukimut sanimullu: Mile carré/Kilomètre carré

An area one mile long by one mile wide, or one kilometre by one kilometre. The community was two kilometres long and two kilometres wide, covering an area of four square kilometres.

Stakeholder: ᐱᖃᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ: piqatausimajuq: Personne, organisme impliqué

A person, organization or part of the public with an interest or concern. Someone who will or may be affected by a decision. All the stakeholders were invited to attend the first meeting of the Committee to Re-Organize Local Government.

Status: ᓇᓗᓇᐃᖅᓯᓯᒪᓂᖅ ᑭᓇᐅᓂᖓᓂ: nalunaiqsisimaniq kinauningani: Statut

Position or condition in relation to others: marital status, Indian status, nonresident status. He had to tell his employer when his marital status changed.

Statute: ᐱᖁᔭᐃᑦ: piqujait: Lois

A law made by the federal or territorial legislature. An Act. The Criminal Code is a federal statute. The Wildlife Act is a territorial statute.

Statutory: ᒪᓕᒐᕐᓃᑦᑐᑦ/ᐱᖁᔭᓃᑦᑐᑦ: maligarniittut/piqujaniittut: Établi par la loi/Statutaire

Contained in a statute or Act. It is a statutory rule that you must have a license to drive a car.

Stipulate: ᓇᓗᓇᐃᔭᖅᓯᒪᑦᓯᐊᕐᓂᖅ: nalunaijarsimatsiarniq: Stipulé

To clearly state or write down. He stipulated three reasons why he always bought Yamahas.

Stringent: ᓲᖑᔪᖅ/ᐱᔭᕆᐊᑐᔪᖅ: suungujuq/pijariatujuq: Rigoureux

Strict, difficult to live up to, well enforced. There are stringent licensing requirements for helicopter pilots.

Subject To: ᐅᑯᐊ/ᐅᓇ ᒪᓕᒃᑐᒍ/ᒋᑦ ᑭᓯᐊᓂ: ukua/una maliktugu/git kisiani: Sujet à

Dependent on. Only allowed when something is done. He was passed to Grade 10, subject to passing the final math exam.

Subsequent To: ᑭᖑᓂᑦᓯᐊᖓᒍᑦ: kingunitsiangagut: Subséquemment

After. Later. They will only offer a job subsequent to doing the reference check.

Subsurface Estate To Land: ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᐃᑭᐊᖓᓃᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐱᖁᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ: nunaup ikianganiiktunik piqutiqarniq: Propriété tréfoncière

Ownership of the mine and mineral rights or oil and gas rights to land, rather than ownership of the land surface. The mining company was interested in the subsurface estate to the lands. See Estate.

Subsurface Lease: ᓄᓇᐅᑉ ᖄᖓ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᐊᖅᑕᐅᓂᖓ: nunaup qaanga atuqtuaqtauninga: Bail tréfoncier

A lease which allows the owner of sub-surface rights to mine or remove or otherwise get at those mines and minerals. The company was careful to restore all the lands in their surface lease after the mine closed.

Subsurface Rights Tribunal: ᓄᓇᓕᕆᓂᖕᒧᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᒃᑲᐃᔩᑦ: nunalirinirmut aaqqigiakkaijiit: Tribunal des droits tréfonciers

A board created under the Nunavut Agreement which makes the rules of access to sub-surface rights. The Surface Rights Tribunal set out the rules which made sure the company only used the land when the birds were not nesting.

Successor: ᑭᖑᕝᕕᖅᑎᐅᓂᐊᕐᑐᖅ: kinguvviqtiuniartuq: Successeur

The next person in a position. The person who takes the place of someone else. The person chosen or elected to replace someone. He left the problem of finances for his successor to deal with.

Suit: ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᒻᒧᐊᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ: iqqaqtuivimmuatitsiniq: Procès civil

A legal action. A court case, but not a criminal court case. The lawsuit lasted two years until it ended in a trial in June.

Summarily: ᓱᒃᑲᓂᖅᓴᒃᑯᑦ: sukkanirsakkut: Sommairement

1. In a quick way, without a lot of fuss or ceremony. He decided summarily to move to Gjoa Haven.
2. In a form of trial without jury or preliminary hearing, held in Justice of the Peace Court or Territorial Court. The assault was handled summarily by the courts.

Superior Court: ᐃᖅᑲᖅᑐᐃᕕᔾᔪᐊᑦ ᖁᕝᕙᓯᓐᓂᖅᐸᑦ: iqqaqtuivijjuat quvvasinnirpaat: Cour supérieure

A court with federally appointed judges. In the NWT the Supreme Court or Court of Appeal of the NWT. Jury trials are held in superior courts.

Surplus: ᐊᒥᐊᒃᑯᑦ: amiakkut: Surplus

More than what is needed. Extra. When the meetings were over, the surplus food was taken to the homeless shelter.

Surrender: ᓴᒃᑯᐃᓂᖅ: sakkuiniq: Renoncer

See Cede.

Survey: ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᖅ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓄᓇᒥᑦ ᕿᓐᖑᒥᒐᕐᓂᖅ: qaujisarniq uvvaluunniit nunamit qinngumigarniq: Enquête/Arpentage

1. A poll or enquiry to find out information from a group of people or on a particular question. The community survey showed that the most important issue named was controlling dogs. The wildlife survey showed that three separate groups of narwhals travel through that area between July and October.
2. To map out land, showing angles, heights and distances, usually in order to make lots for houses. The survey created 18 new housing lots on the south edge of the community.

Swear: ᐊᖏᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ, ᐊᖏᖅᑎᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ: angiqtitauniq, angiqtitausimajuq: Prêter serment

To promise to tell the truth, using the Bible or other religious book. Used for witnesses in court. People who do not want to use the Bible may affirm instead of swearing. He swears he never stole the boat. See Affirm.

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Technical Panel: ᐊᔾᔨᐅᖏᑦᑐᒥᑦ ᐱᔾᔪᑎᓕᖕᓂᑦ ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᕆᔩᑦ: ajjiungittumit pijjutilingnik aaqqigiarijiit: Groupe d'experts

A panel of two to four expert witnesses who have special knowledge about a technical subject. The panel is used in many Board-type hearings, but is not used in Courts. The technical panel was questioned on the methods of destroying waste chemicals.

Tenants-At-Will: ᐊᑐᖅᑐᐊᕐᕕᒋᔭᖏᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑎᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅᑦ: atuqtuaqvigijannginnut atuqtitaujunarniq: Locataire précaire

People allowed to stay in a house or on land, without having any particular rights, only as long as the owner lets them stay. As housesitters, they were living there as tenants-at-will.

Term: ᖃᓄᑎᒋ ᑎᓕᔭᐅᓯᒪᓂᕆᓂᐊᕐᑕᖓ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᑳᓐᑐᓛᑉ ᐃᓗᐊᓃᒃᑐᑦ ᒪᓕᒃᑕᐅᒋᐊᓖᑦ: qanutigi tilijausimaniriniartanga uvvaluunniit kaantulaap iluanittut maliktaugialiit: Terme

1. The length of an appointment in years, months or other measures of time. His term of office ends after two years.
2. A detail or item in a contract. One of the terms of the agreement dealt with the issue of sick days.

Therefore: ᑕᐃᒪᐃᒻᒪᑦ: taimaimmat: Par conséquent

For the reason just given. I love chocolate, and therefore Easter is my favourite time of year.

Third Party: ᐱᖓᔪᒋᔭᐅᔪᑦ ᓯᓚᑖᓃᓐᖔᖅᓯᒪᔪᖅ: pingajugijaujut silataaniinngaaqsimajuq: Tiers

Another person or organization not presently involved. The town was called in later as a third party to the dispute.

Title: ᐊᑎᖓ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᓇᖕᒥᓂᖃᕐᓂᕋᕈᑖ: atinga uvvaluunniit nangminiqarnirarutaa: Titre

Documentation showing ownership. Who has title to the lands under the museum?

Total Allowable Harvest: ᑲᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᖑᓇᓱᒃᑕᐅᔪᓐᓇᕐᑐᑦ: katillugit angunasuktaujunnartut: Récolte totale admissible

See Harvest, Total Allowable.

Treaty: ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᖅ (ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᔾᔪᓯᑐᖃᒥᓃᑦ): angiqatigiinniq (angiqatigiijjusituqaminiit): Traité

Agreement made between Treaty Commissioners (on the part of the Queen or state) and aboriginal groups. In eastern Canada, treaties were signed to control trade and provide for ways of living together in the same area. In western Canada, the "Number" Treaties were intended to make land available for farming. The western Arctic is affected by Treaties 8 (1888) and 11 (1921).

Treaty Rights: ᐊᖏᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐱᔪᓐᓇᐅᑏᑦ: angiqatigiinnikkut pijunnautit: Droits accordés par traité

Rights arising from the terms of a treaty. The general right to hunt on unoccupied crown lands was confirmed as a treaty right.

Tribunal: ᐋᖅᑭᒋᐊᒃᑲᐃᔩᑦ: aaqqigiakkaijiit: Tribunal

A board or court with the authority to hear argument and evidence and make orders. The labour tribunal rules that they would have to re-instate the fired workers.

Trust/In Trust: ᑮᓇᐅᔭᖃᕐᕖᑦ ᐅᕝᕙᓘᓐᓃᑦ ᐸᐸᑦᓯᔩᑦ: kiinaujaqarviit uvvaluunniit papatsijiit: Fiducie/En fidéicommis

1. A trust is a fund of money or other property which is to be kept and used for a certain educational, charitable or other "good" purpose. There are usually rules about how trust monies can be spent and what they can be used for. There is a trust to look after the children's needs until they reach 19 years of age.
2. In Trust: held as part of a trust. The trust property is held in trust. Lawyers have separate bank accounts where they can hold money in trust for other people.

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Ultimate Responsibility: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖃᓛᖅ: pijunnarniqalaaq: Responsabilité ultime

The final responsibility, usually the Minister Responsible. The ultimate responsibility for cod fish stocks lies with the federal Minister of Fisheries. See Minister Responsible.

Ultra Vires: ᑲᒪᒋᔪᓐᓇᕐᑕᖓᑕ ᓯᓚᑖ: kamagijunnartangata silataa: Ultra vires

Not having the ability or the authority to do a certain thing. It is ultra vires the Territorial government to create a navy.

Unbiased (Bias): ᑕᑉᐲᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ (ᑕᑉᐲᓂᖅ): tappiisimangittuq (tappiiniq): Impartial (Partial)

Being open-minded, not prejudiced. Without a set opinion, without having his or her mind already made up. The panel members were agreed to be unbiased. See Bias.

Under the Hand: ᐊᑎᓕᐅᖅᑎ: atiliurti: Portant la signature

Signed by. With the signature of. This agreement is given under the hand and seal of the parties, this 9th day of July, 1993.

Under-Representation: ᑭᒡᒐᖅᑐᖅᑕᐅᑦᓯᐊᖏᑦᑐᑦ: kiggaqtuqtautsiangittut: Sous-représentation

Not present in a specific situation in the same numbers as in the general population. If 51% of the population are women, then 51% of the school principals should be women; anything less is under-representation.

Undersigned: ᐊᑎᓕᐅᖃᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ: atiliuqatausimajut: Sous-signé

Those people or organizations which have signed the document. The undersigned hereby agree to the Rules Of Conduct.

Undertake: ᐱᓕᕆᐊᖃᓪᓚᕆᓐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕋᕐᓂᖅ: piliriaqallarinniarnirarniq: Assumer (une responsabilité)

To make a serious commitment to do something. The Minister undertook to provide the answers in the next three days.

Unduly Prejudice: ᐃᓚᐃᓐᓈᕐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᑭᕋᕐᑐᑎᑦᓯᓇᓱᓐᓂᖅ: ilainnaarnikkut akirartutitsinasunniq: Préjudice indu

To cause unnecessary prejudice. To create an emotional response in order to support one side of the argument. Showing photographs of the rotting caribou could unduly prejudice the inquiry which was to look into the effectiveness of the proposed vaccine.

Unpaid Balance: ᐊᑭᓕᕇᕐᓯᒪᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ ᐊᑭᓕᒃᓴᖅ: akiliriirsimangittuq akiliksaq: Solde impayé

The part of a debt or loan not yet paid. He bought a $1000.00 couch on his credit card, paid $400.00 and had an unpaid balance of $600.00 plus interest.

Unserviced (Land): ᐱᔨᑦᓯᕋᕐᑕᐅᔾᔪᑎᖃᓐᖏᑦᑐᖅ (ᓄᓇᖓ): pijitsirartaujjutiqanngittuq (nunanga): Sans services d'eau et d'égouts (terrain)

Land, usually in lots, without water, sewage system, or utilidor. It is always cheaper to buy an unserviced lot.

Use And Occupancy: ᐊᑐᖅᓯᒪᔭᑐᖃᒋᒐᒥᐅᒃ ᓇᔪᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑐᖃᐅᓂᖓᓗ: atuqsimajatuqagigamiuk najuqtausimajutuqauningalu: Utilisation et occupation

A way of establishing aboriginal title. Long term use and occupancy by an aboriginal people is the basis for a land claim. The claim at Contweyto Lake was based on current and traditional use and occupancy of the lands to the east of the lake.

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Validity: ᐊᑐᕈᓐᓇᕐᓂᖓ/ᓱᓕᔪᕐᓇᕐᓂᖓ: aturunnarninga/sulijurnarninga: Validité

State of being real, true or able to be used. The validity of the library card was doubtful as it expired in August 1990. We were unsure about the validity of his statement, because he had lied before.

Value, reversionary: ᐊᑭᒋᒐᔭᓐᖑᐊᕐᑕᖓ, ᐅᑎᖅᑎᑕᐅᑉᐸᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᖃᓐᖓᓚᐅᕐᑐᒧᑦ: akigigajanguartanga, utiqtitauppat piqutiqanngalaurtumut: Valeur de retour

The value of an object, particularly land, when it returns to the original owner. What is the reversionary value of this land when the lease expires?

Vest/Vested: ᐊᐅᓪᓛᖅᑎᑦᓯᓂᖅ ᓇᒻᒥᓂᖃᕐᓂᖕᒥᑦ/ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕐᓂᖅᑖᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ: aullaatitsiniq namminiqarningmit/pijunnarniqtaaqtitauniq: Assigner/Acquis

To change hands, to shift to new ownership, to transfer completely from one owner to the next. Used to refer to the point in time when the title or ownership is secured in the new owners. He was in the process of buying the warehouse for almost two years, but title finally vested with him when the last lien was paid off and he could register his ownership in Yellowknife.

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Warrant: ᐱᔪᓐᓇᕈᑎ: pijunnaruti: Mandat

A document giving authority to do a certain act. When he failed to show us for his trial, they obtained an arrest warrant.

Warranty: ᓇᓪᓕᐅᒃᑯᒫᖅ ᐱᐅᑦᓲᔭᕐᓂᐊᕐᓂᕋᐃᓂᕐᒥᑦ: nalliukkumaaq piutsuujarniarnirarnirmit: Garantie

A commitment or guarantee of value over a period of time. The builders gave a lifetime warranty on the workmanship of the fiberglass boat.

Water Power: ᐃᒪᕐᒧᑦ ᐆᒻᒪᖁᑎᖃᖅᑎᑕᐅᓂᖅ: imirmut uummaqutiqaqtitauniq: Puissance hydraulique

Electric power from moving water, power generated by damming and forcing water through generating turbines, hydro power. Hydro-Québec relies heavily on water power to produce electricity.

Watershed: ᑰᓐᓃᑦ: kuunniit: Bassin hydrographique

The area of land draining into a stream, river, lake or ocean. The watershed of Hudson's Bay stretches as far south as the United States border.

Wherefore: ᐱᔾᔪᑎᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᐅᖃᐅᓯᐅᔪᖅ: pijjutigillugu uqausiujuq: En raison de quoi

For the reason given. For all the reasons outlined. Because. Wherefore we have signed our names to this document.

Without prejudice: ᐸᓯᔭᒃᓴᓐᖑᒃᑲᓐᓂᕈᓐᓇᔾᔮᖏᓪᓗᓂ: pasijaksanngukkannijjaangilluni: Sans préjudice

On a confidential basis, which cannot later be used against the writer. In an attempt to settle a disagreement, one side may offer a compromise on a "without prejudice" basis. An offer made on this basis means that the admission of fault or willingness to compromise cannot be used against them later if the dispute is not resolved and the issue goes to Court or to an arbitrator. The company offered to pay him $30,000.00 for the damages to his house, on a "without prejudice" basis.